Cov Kav Hlau LSAW Zoo Tshaj Plaws

Kev Piav Qhia Luv:

Cov Lus Tseem Ceeb:LSAW Cov Yeeb Nkab Hlau, Cov yeeb nkab welded ntev, SAWL Cov Yeeb Nkab Hlau

Loj:OD: 16 Nti - 80 Nti, DN350mm - DN2000mm.

Phab ntsa tuab:6 hli-50 hli.

Ntev:Ib Leeg Random, Ob Chav Random & Kev Kho Kom Ntev Mus Txog 48 Meters.

Xaus:Xaus tiaj tiaj, Xaus Beveled.

Txheej / Pleev Xim:Xim Dub, 3LPE Txheej, Epoxy Txheej, Coal Tar Enamel (CTE) Txheej, Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Txheej, Concrete Weight Txheej, Kub-Dip Galvanization thiab lwm yam ...

Cov Qauv Yeeb Nkab:PI 5L PSL1/PSL2 Gr.A, Gr.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, ASTM A53/A252/A500/A672/A691/A139, EN10210/EN10219/EN10217/EN10208/EN10297, AS1163/JIS G3457 thiab lwm yam

Kev xa khoom:Hauv 20-30 hnub nyob ntawm koj qhov kev txiav txim kom muaj nuj nqis, Cov khoom ib txwm muaj nrog cov khoom lag luam.

Xa email rau peb Cov Lus Qhia Txog Khoom

Cov Khoom Qhia Txog Khoom

Cov Cim Npe Khoom

Kev piav qhia txog khoom

LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) cov kav hlau yog ib hom kav hlau welded uas muaj lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tshwj xeeb thiab ntau yam kev siv. Cov kav hlau no yog tsim los ntawm kev tsim cov phaj hlau rau hauv cov duab cylindrical thiab vuam nws ntev siv cov txheej txheem submerged arc welding. Nov yog cov lus piav qhia ntawm LSAW cov kav hlau:

Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom:
● Kev Npaj Phaj: Cov phaj hlau zoo raug xaiv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua tshwj xeeb, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg xav tau.
● Kev Tsim: Cov phaj hlau raug tsim ua ib lub yeeb nkab cylindrical los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li khoov, dov, lossis nias (JCOE thiab UOE). Cov npoo yog pre-curved kom yooj yim vuam.
● Kev Vuam: Siv kev vuam submerged arc (SAW), qhov twg ib qho arc raug tswj nyob rau hauv ib txheej flux. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev vuam zoo nrog qhov tsis zoo tsawg kawg nkaus thiab kev sib xyaw zoo heev.
● Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Ultrasonic: Tom qab vuam, kev kuaj ultrasonic yuav ua kom pom cov qhov tsis zoo sab hauv lossis sab nraud hauv thaj chaw vuam.
● Nthuav Dav: Cov yeeb nkab tuaj yeem nthuav dav kom ua tiav qhov txoj kab uas hla thiab phab ntsa tuab raws li xav tau, ua kom qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev.
● Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Zaum Kawg: Kev kuaj xyuas tag nrho, suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas pom, kev kuaj qhov ntev, thiab kev kuaj xyuas cov khoom siv kho tshuab, ua kom cov yeeb nkab zoo.

Cov txiaj ntsig:
● Kev Siv Nyiaj Txiag: Cov kav dej LSAW muab kev daws teeb meem uas siv nyiaj txiag tsawg rau cov kav dej loj thiab cov kev siv hauv kev tsim kho vim lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo.
● Muaj Zog Heev: Txoj kev vuam ntev ua rau cov kav dej muaj zog thiab sib xws.
● Qhov Loj Tseeb: Cov kav dej LSAW muaj qhov loj meej, ua rau lawv haum rau cov ntawv thov uas muaj kev kam rau siab heev.
● Qhov Zoo ntawm Kev Sib Txuas: Kev sib txuas hauv qab dej ua rau muaj kev sib txuas zoo nrog kev sib xyaw zoo heev thiab muaj qhov tsis zoo tsawg kawg nkaus.
● Kev Siv Tau Ntau Yam: Cov kav dej LSAW siv rau hauv ntau yam lag luam, suav nrog roj thiab roj av, kev tsim kho, thiab kev muab dej, vim lawv yooj yim hloov kho thiab ruaj khov.

Hauv kev xaus, LSAW cov kav hlau yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem meej thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, ua rau muaj cov kav dej ntau yam, pheej yig, thiab ruaj khov uas haum rau ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam.

Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb

API 5L: GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80

ASTM A252: GR.1, GR.2, GR.3

TS EN 10219-1: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H

EN10210: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H

ASTM A53/A53M: GR.A, GR.B

EN 10217: P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2

DIN 2458: St37.0, St44.0, St52.0

AS/NZS 1163: Qib C250, Qib C350, Qib C450

GB/T 9711: L175, L210, L245, L290, L320, L360, L390, L415, L450, L485

ASTMA671: CA55/CB70/CC65, CB60/CB65/CB70/CC60/CC70, CD70/CE55/CE65/CF65/CF70, CF66/CF71/CF72/CF73, CG100/CH100/CI100/CJ100

Ntau Yam Khoom

Sab Nraud Txoj Kab Uas hla		Muaj phab ntsa tuab rau hauv qab qib hlau
Nti	mm	Qib Hlau
Nti	mm	L245 (Qib B)	L290 (X42)	L360 (X52)	L415 (X60)	L450 (X65)	L485 (X70)	L555 (X80)
16	406	6.0-50.0 hli	6.0-48.0 hli	6.0-48.0 hli	6.0-45.0 hli	6.0-40 hli	6.0-31.8 hli	6.0-29.5 hli
18	457	6.0-50.0 hli	6.0-48.0 hli	6.0-48.0 hli	6.0-45.0 hli	6.0-40 hli	6.0-31.8 hli	6.0-29.5 hli
20	508	6.0-50.0 hli	6.0-50.0 hli	6.0-50.0 hli	6.0-45.0 hli	6.0-40 hli	6.0-31.8 hli	6.0-29.5 hli
22	559	6.0-50.0 hli	6.0-50.0 hli	6.0-50.0 hli	6.0-45.0 hli	6.0-43 hli	6.0-31.8 hli	6.0-29.5 hli
24	610	6.0-57.0 hli	6.0-55.0 hli	6.0-55.0 hli	6.0-45.0 hli	6.0-43 hli	6.0-31.8 hli	6.0-29.5 hli
26	660	6.0-57.0 hli	6.0-55.0 hli	6.0-55.0 hli	6.0-48.0 hli	6.0-43 hli	6.0-31.8 hli	6.0-29.5 hli
28	711	6.0-57.0 hli	6.0-55.0 hli	6.0-55.0 hli	6.0-48.0 hli	6.0-43 hli	6.0-31.8 hli	6.0-29.5 hli
30	762	7.0-60.0 hli	7.0-58.0 hli	7.0-58.0 hli	7.0-48.0 hli	7.0-47.0 hli	7.0-35 hli	7.0-32.0 hli
32	813	7.0-60.0 hli	7.0-58.0 hli	7.0-58.0 hli	7.0-48.0 hli	7.0-47.0 hli	7.0-35 hli	7.0-32.0 hli
34	864	7.0-60.0 hli	7.0-58.0 hli	7.0-58.0 hli	7.0-48.0 hli	7.0-47.0 hli	7.0-35 hli	7.0-32.0 hli
36	914	8.0-60.0 hli	8.0-60.0 hli	8.0-60.0 hli	8.0-52.0 hli	8.0-47.0 hli	8.0-35 hli	8.0-32.0 hli
38	965	8.0-60.0 hli	8.0-60.0 hli	8.0-60.0 hli	8.0-52.0 hli	8.0-47.0 hli	8.0-35 hli	8.0-32.0 hli
40	1016	8.0-60.0 hli	8.0-60.0 hli	8.0-60.0 hli	8.0-52.0 hli	8.0-47.0 hli	8.0-35 hli	8.0-32.0 hli
42	1067	8.0-60.0 hli	8.0-60.0 hli	8.0-60.0 hli	8.0-52.0 hli	8.0-47.0 hli	8.0-35 hli	8.0-32.0 hli
44	1118	9.0-60.0 hli	9.0-60.0 hli	9.0-60.0 hli	9.0-52.0 hli	9.0-47.0 hli	9.0-35 hli	9.0-32.0 hli
46	1168	9.0-60.0 hli	9.0-60.0 hli	9.0-60.0 hli	9.0-52.0 hli	9.0-47.0 hli	9.0-35 hli	9.0-32.0 hli
48	1219	9.0-60.0 hli	9.0-60.0 hli	9.0-60.0 hli	9.0-52.0 hli	9.0-47.0 hli	9.0-35 hli	9.0-32.0 hli
52	1321 xyoo	9.0-60.0 hli	9.0-60.0 hli	9.0-60.0 hli	9.0-52.0 hli	9.0-47.0 hli	9.0-35 hli	9.0-32.0 hli
56	1422	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-52 hli	10.0-47.0 hli	10.0-35 hli	10.0-32.0 hli
60	1524 xyoo	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-52 hli	10.0-47.0 hli	10.0-35 hli	10.0-32.0 hli
64	1626 xyoo	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-52 hli	10.0-47.0 hli	10.0-35 hli	10.0-32.0 hli
68	1727 xyoo	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-52 hli	10.0-47.0 hli	10.0-35 hli	10.0-32.0 hli
72	1829 xyoo	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-60.0 hli	10.0-52 hli	10.0-47.0 hli	10.0-35 hli	10.0-32.0 hli

* Lwm Qhov Loj tuaj yeem hloov kho tom qab kev sib tham

Cov Tshuaj Lom Zem thiab Cov Khoom Siv Kho Tshuab ntawm LSAW Steel Pipe

Tus Qauv	Qib	Cov Tshuaj Muaj Peev Xwm (max)%					Cov Khoom Siv Kho Tshuab (min)
Tus Qauv	Qib	C	Mn	Si	S	P	Lub Zog Tawm (Mpa)	Lub zog tensile (Mpa)
GB/T700-2006	A	0.22	1.4	0.35	0.050	0.045	235	370
	B	0.2	1.4	0.35	0.045	0.045	235	370
	C	0.17	1.4	0.35	0.040	0.040	235	370
	D	0.17	1.4	0.35	0.035	0.035	235	370
GB/T1591-2009	A	0.2	1.7	0.5	0.035	0.035	345	470
	B	0.2	1.7	0.5	0.030	0.030	345	470
	C	0.2	1.7	0.5	0.030	0.030	345	470
BS EN10025	S235JR	0.17	1.4	-	0.035	0.035	235	360
	S275JR	0.21	1.5	-	0.035	0.035	275	410
	S355JR	0.24	1.6	-	0.035	0.035	355	470
DIN 17100	ST37-2	0.2	-	-	0.050	0.050	225	340
	ST44-2	0.21	-	-	0.050	0.050	265	410
	ST52-3	0.2	1.6	0.55	0.040	0.040	345	490
JIS G3101	SS400	-	-	-	0.050	0.050	235	400
JIS G3101	SS490	-	-	-	0.050	0.050	275	490
API 5L PSL1	A	0.22	0.9	-	0.03	0.03	210	335
	B	0.26	1.2	-	0.03	0.03	245	415
	X42	0.26	1.3	-	0.03	0.03	290	415
	X46	0.26	1.4	-	0.03	0.03	320	435
	X52	0.26	1.4	-	0.03	0.03	360	460
	X56	0.26	1.1	-	0.03	0.03	390	490
	X60	0.26	1.4	-	0.03	0.03	415	520
	X65	0.26	1.45	-	0.03	0.03	450	535
	X70	0.26	1.65	-	0.03	0.03	585	570

Tus Qauv & Qib

Tus Qauv	Cov Qib Hlau
API 5L: Cov Lus Qhia rau Kab Yeeb Nkab	GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80
ASTM A252: Cov Qauv Txheem rau Cov Yeeb Nkab Hlau Welded thiab Seamless	Qib 1, Qib 2, Qib 3
EN 10219-1: Cov Khoom Siv Uas Tau Tsim Los Ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Uas Tsis Yog Alloy Thiab Cov Hlau Zoo	S235J0H, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H
EN10210: Cov Khoom Siv Hollow Uas Ua Los Ntawm Kub Thiab Tsis Yog Alloy Thiab Cov Hlau Zoo	S235J0H, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H
ASTM A53/A53M: Yeeb Nkab, Hlau, Dub thiab Kub-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded thiab Seamless	Gr.A, Gr.B
EN10208: Cov kav hlau siv rau hauv cov kav dej thauj mus los hauv cov roj av thiab cov roj av.	L210GA, L235GA, L245GA, L290GA, L360GA
EN 10217: Cov Kav Hlau Welded rau Lub Hom Phiaj Siab	P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2
DIN 2458: Cov Kav Hlau Welded thiab Cov Raj	St37.0, St44.0, St52.0
AS/NZS 1163: Tus Txheej Txheem Australian/New Zealand rau Cov Hlau Uas Ua Los Ntawm Txias	Qib C250, Qib C350, Qib C450
GB/T 9711: Kev Lag Luam Roj Av thiab Roj Av Ntuj - Cov Yeeb Nkab Hlau rau Cov Kav Dej	L175, L210, L245, L290, L320, L360, L390, L415, L450, L485
ASTM A671: Cov Yeeb Nkab Hlau Hluav Taws Xob-Fusion-Welded rau Huab Cua thiab Kub Qis Dua	CA 55, CB 60, CB 65, CB 70, CC 60, CC 65, CC 70
ASTM A672: Cov yeeb nkab hlau fais fab-fusion-welded rau kev pabcuam siab ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab.	A45, A50, A55, B60, B65, B70, C55, C60, C65
ASTM A691: Cov yeeb nkab carbon thiab alloy steel, hluav taws xob-fusion-welded rau kev pabcuam siab ntawm qhov kub siab.	CM-65, CM-70, CM-75, 1/2CR-1/2MO, 1CR-1/2MO, 2-1/4CR, 3CR

Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom

Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo

● Kev Tshawb Xyuas Khoom Siv Raw
● Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Tshuaj
● Kev Ntsuas Tshuab
● Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Pom
● Kev Tshawb Xyuas Qhov Loj
● Kev Ntsuas Khoov
● Kev Ntsuas Kev Cuam Tshuam
● Kev Ntsuas Kev Sib Tsoo Hauv Cov Pob Zeb
● Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Tsis Ua Rau Puas Tsuaj (UT, MT, PT)
● Kev Tsim Nyog Rau Kev Ua Vuam

● Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Cov Qauv Me Me
● Kev Ntsuas Flaring thiab Flattening
● Kev Ntsuas Qhov Nyuaj
● Kev Ntsuas Hydrostatic
● Kev Ntsuas Metallography
● Kev Ntsuas Kev Nchuav Hydrogen (HIC)
● Kev Ntsuas Kev Nchuav Sulfide (SSC)
● Kev Ntsuas Tam Sim No Eddy
● Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Pleev Xim thiab Txheej Txheej
● Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Cov Ntaub Ntawv

Kev Siv & Daim Ntawv Thov

LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) cov kav hlau pom ntau yam kev siv thoob plaws ntau yam lag luam vim lawv cov qauv ruaj khov thiab kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim. Hauv qab no yog qee qhov kev siv tseem ceeb thiab kev siv ntawm LSAW cov kav hlau:
● Kev Thauj Mus Los Roj Thiab Roj Av: Cov kav hlau LSAW siv dav hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj av rau cov kav dej. Cov kav no siv rau kev thauj mus los roj av nyoos, roj av ntuj, thiab lwm yam kua lossis roj av.
● Kev Tsim Kho Dej: Cov kav dej LSAW raug siv rau hauv cov haujlwm tsim kho dej, suav nrog cov dej xa tawm thiab cov kab ke ntws dej.
● Kev Ua Tshuaj Lom Zem: Cov kav dej LSAW ua haujlwm hauv cov lag luam tshuaj lom neeg uas lawv siv rau kev xa cov tshuaj lom neeg, kua, thiab roj hauv txoj kev ruaj ntseg thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
● Kev Tsim Kho thiab Kev Tsim Kho Vaj Tse: Cov kav dej no siv rau hauv ntau yam haujlwm tsim kho, xws li kev tsim lub hauv paus, cov choj, thiab lwm yam kev siv hauv kev tsim kho.
● Kev Tso Pob Zeb: Cov kav dej LSAW siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov tso pob zeb los muab kev txhawb nqa hauv paus hauv cov haujlwm tsim kho, suav nrog lub hauv paus tsev thiab cov qauv dej hiav txwv.
● Kev Lag Luam Zog: Lawv siv rau kev thauj ntau hom zog, suav nrog cov pa dej thiab cov kua thermal hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob.
● Kev Khawb Av: Cov kav dej LSAW siv tau rau hauv cov haujlwm khawb av rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov tailings.
● Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Lag Luam: Cov lag luam xws li kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim khoom siv cov kav dej LSAW rau ntau yam txheej txheem kev lag luam, suav nrog kev xa cov khoom siv raw thiab cov khoom tiav.
● Kev Tsim Kho Vaj Tse: Cov kav dej no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov haujlwm tsim kho vaj tse xws li txoj kev, txoj kev loj, thiab cov chaw siv hauv av.
● Kev Txhawb Nqa Cov Qauv: Cov kav dej LSAW yog siv rau kev tsim cov qauv txhawb nqa, cov kem, thiab cov ntoo hauv kev tsim kho thiab cov haujlwm engineering.
● Kev Tsim Nkoj: Hauv kev lag luam tsim nkoj, cov kav dej LSAW raug siv rau kev tsim ntau yam ntawm cov nkoj, suav nrog lub cev nkoj thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
● Kev Lag Luam Tsheb: Cov kav dej LSAW siv tau rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tsheb, suav nrog cov tshuab tso pa tawm.

Cov ntawv thov no qhia txog kev ua tau ntau yam ntawm LSAW cov kav hlau thoob plaws ntau qhov chaw sib txawv, vim lawv lub zog ruaj khov, lub zog, thiab kev haum rau ntau yam xwm txheej ib puag ncig.

Ntim & Xa Khoom

Kev ntim khoom thiab xa khoom ntawm LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) cov kav hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj kev thauj mus los thiab xa khoom mus rau ntau qhov chaw nyab xeeb. Nov yog cov lus piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntim khoom thiab xa khoom rau LSAW cov kav hlau:

Ntim:
● Kev Muab Ua Ib Ke: Cov kav dej LSAW feem ntau raug muab ua ke los yog Ib Daim Ntim siv cov hlua hlau lossis cov hlua khi los tsim cov chav tswj tau rau kev tuav thiab kev thauj mus los.
● Kev Tiv Thaiv: Cov kav dej kawg raug tiv thaiv nrog cov hau yas kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thaum thauj mus los. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kav dej tuaj yeem raug npog nrog cov khoom tiv thaiv kom tiv thaiv cov yam ntxwv ib puag ncig.
● Txheej Tiv Thaiv Kev Xeb: Yog tias cov kav dej muaj txheej tiv thaiv kev xeb, cov txheej txheem ruaj khov yuav raug ua kom ntseeg tau thaum lub sijhawm ntim khoom kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thaum tuav thiab thauj mus los.
● Kev Cim thiab Daim Ntawv Sau Npe: Txhua pob khoom muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb xws li qhov loj ntawm cov yeeb nkab, qib khoom siv, tus lej cua sov, thiab lwm yam kev qhia kom yooj yim txheeb xyuas.
● Kev Ruaj Ntseg: Cov pob khoom raug khi kom ruaj ntseg rau ntawm cov pallets lossis cov skids kom tiv thaiv kev txav mus los thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los.

Kev Xa Khoom:
● Hom Kev Thauj Mus Los: Cov kav hlau LSAW tuaj yeem xa tuaj siv ntau hom kev thauj mus los, suav nrog txoj kev, tsheb ciav hlau, hiav txwv, lossis huab cua, nyob ntawm qhov chaw mus thiab qhov ceev.
● Kev Thauj Khoom Hauv Thawv: Cov kav dej tuaj yeem xa mus rau hauv cov thawv rau kev tiv thaiv ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus txawv teb chaws. Cov thawv raug thauj khoom thiab ruaj ntseg kom tiv thaiv kev txav mus los thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los.
● Cov Neeg Koom Tes Logistics: Cov tuam txhab logistics lossis cov neeg thauj khoom uas muaj kev paub txog kev tuav cov kav dej hlau tau koom tes los xyuas kom meej tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab xa khoom raws sijhawm.
● Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txog Kev Lis Kev Cai: Cov ntaub ntawv txog kev lis kev cai tsim nyog, suav nrog cov ntawv xa khoom, daim ntawv pov thawj keeb kwm, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, tau npaj thiab xa mus rau kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb.
● Kev Pov Hwm: Nyob ntawm tus nqi thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom thauj, kev pov hwm yuav raug npaj los tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej tsis tau xav txog thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los.
● Kev Tshawb Xyuas: Cov txheej txheem tshawb xyuas niaj hnub no tso cai rau tus xa thiab tus txais los tshawb xyuas qhov kev nce qib ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj raws sijhawm, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev pom tseeb thiab hloov kho tshiab raws sijhawm.
● Kev Xa Khoom: Cov kav dej raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw mus, ua raws li cov txheej txheem tshem tawm kom raug kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj.
● Kev Tshuaj Xyuas: Thaum tuaj txog, cov kav dej yuav raug tshuaj xyuas kom paub tseeb tias lawv zoo li cas thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia ua ntej tus neeg txais yuav txais.

Kev ntim khoom thiab kev xa khoom kom zoo pab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj, tswj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov kav hlau LSAW, thiab xyuas kom meej tias lawv mus txog lawv qhov chaw xav tau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws.