Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau carbon thiab cov hlau tsis xeb

Cov Hlau Carbon

Ib qho hlau uas nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm cov hlau thiab uas tsis muaj cov khoom sib xyaw tseem ceeb feem ntau ntxiv, qee zaum hu ua cov pa roj carbon dawb lossis cov hlau carbon.

Cov hlau carbon, tseem hu ua cov hlau carbon, yog hais txog cov hlau-carbon alloys uas muaj tsawg dua 2% carbon WC.

Feem ntau cov hlau carbon muaj me ntsis silicon, manganese, sulfur thiab phosphorus ntxiv rau carbon.

Raws li kev siv cov hlau carbon tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg ntawm cov hlau carbon, cov hlau cuab yeej carbon thiab cov hlau txiav dawb, cov hlau carbon yog muab faib ua ob hom hlau rau kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim kho tshuab;

Raws li txoj kev smelting tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hlau tiaj tiaj, cov hlau hloov pauv thiab cov hlau hluav taws xob;

Raws li txoj kev deoxidation tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hlau npau (F), cov hlau sedentary (Z), cov hlau semi-sedentary (b) thiab cov hlau tshwj xeeb sedentary (TZ);

Raws li cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm cov hlau carbon tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hlau qis carbon (WC ≤ 0.25%), cov hlau nruab nrab carbon (WC0.25% -0.6%) thiab cov hlau siab carbon (WC> 0.6%);

Raws li phosphorus, cov ntsiab lus sulfur ntawm cov hlau carbon tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hlau carbon ib txwm (muaj phosphorus, sulfur siab dua), cov hlau carbon zoo (muaj phosphorus, sulfur qis dua) thiab cov hlau zoo (muaj phosphorus, sulfur qis dua) thiab cov hlau zoo tshwj xeeb.

Qhov siab dua cov pa roj carbon hauv cov hlau carbon dav dav, qhov nyuaj dua, qhov muaj zog dua, tab sis qhov plasticity qis dua.

Hlau tsis xeb

Cov hlau stainless acid-resistant yog hu ua stainless hlau, uas muaj ob ntu tseem ceeb: stainless hlau thiab acid-resistant steel. Hauv ntej, cov hlau uas tuaj yeem tiv taus huab cua corrosion hu ua stainless hlau, thaum cov hlau uas tuaj yeem tiv taus corrosion los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg hu ua acid-resistant steel. Stainless hlau yog cov hlau high-alloy nrog ntau dua 60% ntawm hlau ua lub matrix, ntxiv chromium, nickel, molybdenum thiab lwm yam alloying ntsiab lus.

Thaum cov hlau muaj ntau tshaj 12% chromium, cov hlau nyob hauv huab cua thiab dilute nitric acid tsis yooj yim rau corrode thiab xeb. Qhov laj thawj yog vim chromium tuaj yeem tsim ib txheej chromium oxide zaj duab xis nruj heev rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau, zoo tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm corrosion. Cov hlau stainless hauv cov chromium cov ntsiab lus feem ntau ntau tshaj 14%, tab sis cov hlau stainless tsis yog xeb kiag li. Nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv lossis qee qhov chaw muaj kuab paug loj, thaum cov pa chloride ion cov ntsiab lus loj, qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau stainless raug rau huab cua yuav muaj qee qhov xeb, tab sis cov xeb no tsuas yog txwv rau qhov chaw, yuav tsis ua rau cov hlau stainless sab hauv matrix puas tsuaj.

Feem ntau hais lus, qhov ntau ntawm chrome Wcr ntau dua 12% ntawm cov hlau muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb, stainless hlau raws li microstructure tom qab kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem faib ua tsib pawg: uas yog, ferrite stainless hlau, martensitic stainless hlau, austenitic stainless hlau, austenitic - ferrite stainless hlau thiab precipitated carbonized stainless hlau.

Cov hlau tsis xeb feem ntau yog muab faib los ntawm kev teeb tsa matrix:

1, ferritic stainless hlau. Muaj 12% txog 30% chromium. Nws qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion, toughness thiab weldability nrog kev nce ntawm chromium cov ntsiab lus thiab txhim kho chloride kev ntxhov siab corrosion tsis kam zoo dua li lwm hom stainless hlau.

2, austenitic stainless hlau. Muaj ntau tshaj 18% chromium, kuj muaj li ntawm 8% nickel thiab me ntsis molybdenum, titanium, nitrogen thiab lwm yam khoom. Kev ua tau zoo tag nrho, tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau yam xeb ntawm cov xov xwm.

3, Austenitic - ferritic duplex stainless hlau. Ob qho tib si austenitic thiab ferritic stainless hlau, thiab muaj qhov zoo ntawm superplasticity.

4, martensitic stainless hlau. Lub zog siab, tab sis tsis zoo plasticity thiab weldability.