Stainless hlau tuaj yeem pom nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv lub neej, thiab muaj txhua yam qauv uas ua dag kom paub qhov txawv.Niaj hnub no los qhia rau koj ib tsab xov xwm los qhia meej cov ntsiab lus kev paub ntawm no.
Stainless hlau yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm stainless acid-resistant steel, huab cua, chav, dej thiab lwm yam tsis muaj zog corrosive media los yog stainless hlau yog hu ua stainless hlau;thiab yuav tiv taus cov tshuaj corrosive media (acids, alkalis, ntsev, thiab lwm yam tshuaj impregnation) corrosion ntawm cov hlau yog hu ua acid-resistant steel.
Stainless hlau hais txog huab cua, chav, dej thiab lwm yam tsis muaj zog corrosive media thiab acids, alkalis, ntsev thiab lwm yam tshuaj corrosive media corrosion ntawm hlau, tseem hu ua stainless acid-resistant steel.Hauv kev xyaum, feem ntau tsis muaj zog corrosive media corrosion-resistant steel hu ua stainless hlau, thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion-resistant steel hu ua acid-resistant steel.Vim hais tias ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ob, lub qub tsis tas yuav resistant rau tshuaj lom neeg corrosion, thaum lub tom kawg yog feem ntau stainless.Kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm stainless hlau nyob ntawm cov alloying ntsiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlau.
Common Classification
Raws li lub koom haum metallurgical
Feem ntau, raws li lub koom haum metallurgical, cov hlau tsis sib xws tau muab faib ua peb pawg: austenitic stainless hlau, ferritic stainless hlau thiab martensitic stainless hlau.Raws li lub koom haum metallurgical yooj yim ntawm peb pawg, duplex steels, nag lossis daus hardening stainless hlau thiab cov hlau alloy siab uas muaj tsawg dua 50% hlau yog muab los rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab lub hom phiaj.
1. Austenitic stainless hlau
Lub matrix rau lub ntsej muag-centred cubic siv lead ua qauv ntawm lub koom haum austenitic (CY theem) yog dominated los ntawm non-magnetic, feem ntau los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm txias kom nws muaj zog (thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau ib tug tej yam degree ntawm magnetism) ntawm stainless hlau.Lub koom haum American Hlau thiab Hlau rau 200 thiab 300 series ntawm cov ntawv sau, xws li 304.
2. Ferritic stainless hlau
Matrix rau lub cev-centred cubic siv lead ua qauv ntawm lub koom haum ferrite (ib theem) yog qhov tseem ceeb, sib nqus, feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem hardened los ntawm kev kho cua sov, tab sis kev ua haujlwm txias tuaj yeem ua rau nws muaj zog me ntsis stainless hlau.American Iron and Steel Institute rau 430 thiab 446 rau daim ntawv lo.
3. Martensitic stainless hlau
Lub matrix yog martensitic lub koom haum (lub cev-centred cubic los yog cubic), sib nqus, los ntawm kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem kho nws cov khoom siv ntawm stainless hlau.Lub koom haum American Iron thiab Steel rau 410, 420, thiab 440 tus lej cim.Martensite muaj lub koom haum austenitic ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv martensite (ie hardened) thaum txias rau chav tsev kub ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog.
4. Austenitic ib ferrite (duplex) hom stainless hlau
Lub matrix muaj ob qho tib si austenitic thiab ferrite ob-theem lub koom haum, ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov theem qis matrix feem ntau ntau dua 15%, sib nqus, tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias ntawm cov hlau tsis huv, 329 yog ib qho duplex stainless hlau.Piv nrog rau austenitic stainless hlau, duplex steel siab zog, tsis kam mus rau intergranular corrosion thiab chloride kev nyuaj siab corrosion thiab pitting corrosion yog ho txhim kho.
5. nag lossis daus hardening stainless hlau
Lub matrix yog austenitic los yog martensitic organisation, thiab yuav hardened los ntawm nag lossis daus hardening kho kom nws hardened stainless hlau.American Iron thiab Steel Institute rau 600 series ntawm cov ntawv lo, xws li 630, uas yog, 17-4PH.
Feem ntau, ntxiv rau cov alloys, corrosion kuj ntawm austenitic stainless hlau yog superior, nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg corrosive ib puag ncig, koj muaj peev xwm siv ferritic stainless hlau, nyob rau hauv me me corrosive ib puag ncig, yog hais tias cov khoom yuav tsum muaj siab zog los yog siab hardness, koj tuaj yeem siv martensitic stainless hlau thiab nag lossis daus hardening stainless hlau.
Cov yam ntxwv thiab kev siv
Txheej txheej saum npoo
Thickness txawv
1. Vim hais tias cov hlau zeb machinery nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem dov, cov yob yog rhuab los ntawm me ntsis deformation, uas ua rau dov tawm lub phaj thickness sib txawv, feem ntau tuab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ob sab ntawm nyias.Hauv kev ntsuas lub thickness ntawm lub phaj lub xeev cov cai yuav tsum tau ntsuas nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub phaj taub hau.
2. Qhov laj thawj rau kev kam rau siab yog raws li kev lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom xav tau, feem ntau muab faib ua qhov loj thiab me me.
V. Kev tsim khoom, kev soj ntsuam xyuas
1. Yeeb nkab phaj
① spliced raj phaj taub qab pob qij txha rau 100% rays soj ntsuam los yog UT, tsim nyog qib: RT: Ⅱ UT: Ⅰ qib;
② Ntxiv nrog rau cov hlau tsis muaj steel, spliced yeeb nkab phaj kev ntxhov siab kho cua sov;
③ raj phaj qhov choj dav dav sib txawv: raws li cov qauv rau kev xam qhov dav ntawm lub qhov choj: B = (S - d) - D1
Qhov dav tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub qhov choj: B = 1/2 (S - d) + C;
2. Tube lub thawv kub kho:
Cov pa roj carbon steel, cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau welded nrog kev sib cais-ntau ntawm cov yeeb nkab lub thawv, nrog rau cov yeeb nkab lub thawv ntawm sab nraud qhib ntau dua 1/3 ntawm lub puab kab ntawm lub tog raj kheej yeeb nkab, hauv daim ntawv thov vuam rau kev ntxhov siab Kev kho cua sov kho, flange thiab muab faib sealing nto yuav tsum tau ua tiav tom qab kev kho cua sov.
3. Kev ntsuas siab
Thaum lub plhaub txheej txheem tsim lub siab qis dua lub raj txheej txheem siab, txhawm rau txhawm rau xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov cua kub exchanger raj thiab raj phaj sib txuas
① Plhaub qhov kev pab cuam siab kom nce qhov kev sim siab nrog cov yeeb nkab kev pab cuam raws li kev ntsuas hydraulic, los xyuas seb cov dej xau ntawm cov yeeb nkab puas.(Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov yeeb yaj kiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub plhaub thaum lub sij hawm ntsuas hydraulic yog ≤0.9ReLΦ)
② Thaum cov txheej txheem saum toj no tsis tsim nyog, lub plhaub tuaj yeem kuaj hydrostatic raws li qhov qub siab tom qab dhau, thiab tom qab ntawd lub plhaub rau kev kuaj ammonia to lossis halogen to test.
Dab tsi ntawm stainless hlau tsis yooj yim rau xeb?
Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev xeb ntawm stainless hlau:
1.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm alloying ntsiab.Feem ntau hais lus, cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium hauv 10.5% steel tsis yooj yim rau xeb.Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium thiab nickel corrosion kuj zoo dua, xws li 304 cov khoom siv nickel cov ntsiab lus ntawm 85 ~ 10%, chromium ntsiab lus ntawm 18% ~ 20%, xws li stainless hlau feem ntau tsis xeb.
2. Cov txheej txheem smelting ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau corrosion kuj ntawm stainless hlau.Smelting tshuab yog zoo, cov cuab yeej siv siab heev, cov thev naus laus zis siab heev, loj stainless hlau cog ob qho tib si hauv kev tswj cov ntsiab lus alloying, tshem tawm cov impurities, billet txias kub tswj tau lav, yog li cov khoom zoo yog ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha, zoo intrinsic zoo, tsis yooj yim rau xeb.Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qee cov khoom siv steel me me rov qab, rov qab thev naus laus zis, txheej txheem smelting, impurities tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, kev tsim cov khoom yuav inevitably xeb.
3. Sab nraud ib puag ncig.Qhov chaw qhuav thiab qhov cua tsis yooj yim rau xeb, thaum huab cua av noo, huab cua tsis tu ncua los nag, lossis huab cua uas muaj acidity thiab alkalinity ntawm ib puag ncig yog yooj yim rau xeb.304 cov khoom siv stainless hlau, yog tias ib puag ncig ib puag ncig tsis zoo heev kuj yog xeb.
Stainless hlau xeb qhov chaw yuav ua li cas nrog?
1. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj
Nrog pickling muab tshuaj txhuam los yog tshuaj tsuag los pab nws rusted qhov chaw kom repassivate tsim ntawm chromium oxide zaj duab xis los kho nws cov corrosion kuj, tom qab pickling, thiaj li yuav tshem tawm tag nrho cov kuab paug thiab acid residues, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo yaug nrog dej. .Tom qab txhua yam ua tiav thiab rov ua polished nrog cov khoom siv polishing, nws tuaj yeem raug kaw nrog polishing wax.Rau cov pob zeb me me hauv zos kuj tuaj yeem siv 1: 1 roj av, cov roj sib tov nrog cov ntaub huv huv los so cov pob xeb tuaj yeem ua tau.
2. Mechanical txoj kev
Sandblasting tu, ntxuav nrog iav los yog ceramic hais blasting, obliteration, txhuam thiab polishing.Cov txheej txheem siv tshuab muaj peev xwm los so cov kab mob los ntawm cov khoom siv yav dhau los tshem tawm, polishing cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov khoom siv obliterated.Txhua yam kev kis kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau txawv teb chaws, tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw ntawm corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej.Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntxhua yuav tsum zoo dua yuav raug ntxuav raws li qhov chaw qhuav.Kev siv cov txheej txheem siv tshuab tsuas yog ntxuav nws qhov chaw thiab tsis hloov qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej.Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom rov txhuam qhov saum npoo nrog cov khoom siv polishing thiab kaw nws nrog polishing siv quav ciab tom qab kho tshuab.
Instrumentation feem ntau siv stainless hlau qib thiab cov khoom
1.304 stainless hlau.Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov austenitic stainless hlau nrog daim ntawv thov loj thiab siv dav tshaj plaws, tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom sib sib zog nqus thiab cov kua qaub, cov thawv ntim khoom, cov khoom siv, ntau hom ntsuas lub cev, thiab lwm yam. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom tsis muaj hlau nplaum, qis- cov khoom siv kub thiab qhov chaw.
2.304L stainless hlau.Txhawm rau daws qhov Cr23C6 nag lossis daus los ntawm 304 stainless hlau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau intergranular corrosion thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless hlau, nws lub xeev sensitized ntawm intergranular corrosion kuj zoo dua li 304 stainless hlau.Ntxiv rau qhov qis zog me ntsis, lwm yam khoom siv nrog 321 stainless hlau, feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv corrosion-resistant thiab cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem welded kev kho mob, tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau hom kev ntsuas lub cev.
3.304H stainless hlau.304 stainless hlau sab hauv ceg, cov pa roj carbon ntau feem hauv 0.04% ~ 0.10%, kev kub siab ua haujlwm zoo dua li 304 stainless hlau.
4.316 stainless hlau.Nyob rau hauv 10Cr18Ni12 steel raws li qhov sib ntxiv ntawm molybdenum, kom cov hlau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo los txo cov xov xwm thiab pitting corrosion kuj.Hauv dej hiav txwv thiab lwm yam xov xwm, kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua li 304 stainless hlau, feem ntau yog siv rau pitting corrosion resistant cov ntaub ntawv.
5.316L stainless hlau.Ultra-tsawg carbon steel, nrog zoo tsis kam mus rau sensitized intergranular corrosion, haum rau kev tsim ntawm tuab ntoo khaub lig-section loj ntawm welded qhov chaw thiab cov khoom, xws li petrochemical khoom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv corrosion-resistant.
6.316H stainless hlau.Sab hauv ceg ntawm 316 stainless hlau, carbon loj feem ntawm 0.04% -0.10%, kub kub ua tau zoo dua 316 stainless hlau.
7.317 stainless hlau.Pitting corrosion kuj thiab creep kuj zoo dua 316L stainless hlau, siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov petrochemical thiab organic acid corrosion resistant khoom.
8.321 stainless hlau.Titanium stabilized austenitic stainless hlau, ntxiv titanium los txhim kho intergranular corrosion kuj, thiab muaj qhov kub thiab txias txhua yam khoom, tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless hlau.Ntxiv rau qhov kub thiab txias lossis hydrogen corrosion kuj thiab lwm yam tshwj xeeb, qhov xwm txheej tsis pom zoo.
9.347 stainless hlau.Niobium-stabilized austenitic stainless hlau, niobium ntxiv los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv intergranular corrosion, corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv acid, alkali, ntsev thiab lwm yam corrosive media nrog 321 stainless hlau, zoo vuam kev kawm, yuav siv tau raws li cov ntaub ntawv corrosion-resistant thiab kub-resistant steel. siv tsuas yog rau thermal hwj chim, petrochemical teb, xws li zus tau tej cov ntim, pipelines, tshav kub exchangers, shafts, industrial furnaces nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg tube thiab lub cub tawg kub ntsuas thiab hais txog.
10.904L stainless hlau.Super ua tiav austenitic stainless hlau, super austenitic stainless hlau tsim los ntawm Finland Otto Kemp, nws cov nickel loj feem ntawm 24% mus rau 26%, carbon loj feem ntawm tsawg dua 0.02%, zoo heev corrosion kuj, nyob rau hauv cov non-oxidising acids xws li sulfuric. , acetic, formic thiab phosphoric acid muaj corrosion kuj zoo heev, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau crevice corrosion thiab tsis kam rau kev ntxhov siab corrosion.Nws yog tsim rau ntau yam ntawm sulfuric acid hauv qab 70 ℃, thiab muaj corrosion kuj zoo rau acetic acid thiab sib xyaw acid ntawm formic acid thiab acetic acid ntawm ib qho concentration thiab txhua qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv ib txwm siab.Tus qauv qub ASMESB-625 ntaus nqi nws rau nickel-raws li alloys, thiab tus qauv tshiab muab nws rau stainless hlau.Tuam Tshoj tsuas yog kwv yees qib 015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2 hlau, ob peb European ntsuas manufacturers ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb siv 904L stainless hlau, xws li E + H's loj flowmeter ntsuas raj yog siv 904L stainless hlau, Rolex saib rooj plaub kuj siv 904L stainless hlau.
11.440C stainless hlau.Martensitic stainless hlau, hardenable stainless hlau, stainless hlau nyob rau hauv siab tshaj plaws hardness, hardness HRC57.Feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov nozzles, bearings, li qub, valve spools, valve rooj, tes tsho, valve stems, thiab lwm yam.
12.17-4PH stainless hlau.Martensitic nag lossis daus hardening stainless hlau, hardness HRC44, nrog lub zog siab, hardness thiab corrosion kuj, tsis tuaj yeem siv rau qhov kub siab tshaj 300 ℃.Nws muaj qhov zoo corrosion kuj rau ob qho tib si atmospheric thiab dilute acids los yog ntsev, thiab nws cov corrosion kuj yog tib yam li ntawm 304 stainless hlau thiab 430 stainless hlau, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm offshore platforms, turbine hniav, spools, rooj zaum, tes tsho. thiab stems ntawm li qub.
Hauv kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm, ua ke nrog qhov dav dav thiab cov teeb meem ntawm tus nqi, qhov kev txiav txim siab austenitic stainless hlau xaiv yog 304-304L-316-316L-317-321-347-904L stainless hlau, uas 317 tsis tshua siv, 321 tsis yog pom zoo, 347 yog siv rau high-temperature corrosion, 904L tsuas yog lub neej ntawd cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib co Cheebtsam ntawm ib tug neeg manufacturers, tus tsim yuav tsis feem ntau coj lub tswv yim los xaiv 904L.
Hauv kev xaiv cov qauv tsim, feem ntau yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas thiab cov khoom siv yeeb nkab yog qhov sib txawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, peb yuav tsum xyuam xim tshwj xeeb rau kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas kom tau raws li cov txheej txheem cov cuab yeej lossis cov kav dej tsim qhov kub thiab qhov tsim siab, xws li high-temperature chrome molybdenum steel pipeline, thaum lub instrumentation xaiv ib tug stainless hlau, ces nws yog heev yuav muaj teeb meem, koj yuav tsum mus sab laj txog cov khoom kub thiab siab ntsuas.
Hauv kev tsim qauv kev xaiv, feem ntau ntsib ntau yam kev sib txawv, series, qib ntawm stainless hlau, kev xaiv yuav tsum yog raws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, qhov kub thiab txias, siab, qhov siab, qhov siab, corrosion thiab nqi thiab lwm yam kev xav.
Post lub sij hawm: Oct-11-2023