Cov hlau tsis xeb tuaj yeem pom txhua qhov chaw hauv lub neej, thiab muaj ntau hom qauv uas tsis paub qhov txawv. Hnub no yuav qhia rau koj ib tsab xov xwm los qhia meej txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm no.
Cov hlau tsis xeb yog lub npe luv ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb uas tiv taus kua qaub, cua, pa dej, dej thiab lwm yam tsis muaj zog corrosive media lossis stainless hlau hu ua stainless hlau; thiab yuav tiv taus cov tshuaj lom neeg corrosive media (acids, alkalis, ntsev, thiab lwm yam tshuaj impregnation) corrosion ntawm cov hlau hu ua acid-resistant steel.
Cov hlau tsis xeb yog hais txog cua, pa dej, dej thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg corrosive media thiab acids, alkalis, ntsev thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg corrosive media corrosion media corrosion ntawm hlau, tseem hu ua stainless acid-resistant steel. Hauv kev xyaum, feem ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg corrosive media corrosion-resistant steel hu ua stainless steel, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg corrosion-resistant steel hu ua acid-resistant steel. Vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ntawm ob qho tib si, thawj zaug tsis tas yuav tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg corrosion media, thaum qhov kawg feem ntau yog stainless. Qhov corrosion tsis kam ntawm stainless hlau nyob ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj nyob hauv cov hlau.
Kev Faib Tawm Feem Ntau
Raws li lub koom haum metallurgical
Feem ntau, raws li lub koom haum metallurgical, cov hlau stainless feem ntau raug muab faib ua peb pawg: austenitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels thiab martensitic stainless steels. Raws li lub koom haum metallurgical yooj yim ntawm peb pawg no, duplex steels, precipitation hardening stainless steels thiab high alloy steels uas muaj tsawg dua 50% hlau yog muab rau cov kev xav tau thiab lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb.
1. Austenitic stainless hlau
Lub matrix rau lub ntsej muag-centered cubic siv lead ua qauv ntawm lub koom haum austenitic (CY theem) yog dominated los ntawm non-magnetic, feem ntau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias kom nws muaj zog (thiab yuav ua rau muaj qee qib ntawm magnetism) ntawm stainless hlau. Lub koom haum American Iron thiab Steel rau 200 thiab 300 series ntawm cov ntawv cim lej, xws li 304.
2. Ferritic stainless hlau
Lub matrix rau lub cev-centered cubic siv lead ua qauv ntawm ferrite lub koom haum (ib theem) yog dominant, magnetic, feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem hardened los ntawm kev kho cua sov, tab sis txias ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau nws me ntsis strengthened stainless hlau. American Iron thiab Steel Institute rau 430 thiab 446 rau daim ntawv lo.
3. Cov hlau tsis xeb Martensitic
Lub matrix yog lub koom haum martensitic (lub cev-centered cubic lossis cubic), sib nqus, los ntawm kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem hloov kho nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm stainless hlau. American Iron thiab Steel Institute rau 410, 420, thiab 440 tus lej cim. Martensite muaj lub koom haum austenitic ntawm qhov kub siab, uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau hauv martensite (piv txwv li hardened) thaum txias rau chav tsev kub ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog.
4. Austenitic a ferrite (duplex) hom stainless hlau
Lub matrix muaj ob qho tib si austenitic thiab ferrite ob-theem kev teeb tsa, uas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov matrix theem qis dua feem ntau ntau dua 15%, sib nqus, tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb, 329 yog cov hlau tsis xeb duplex ib txwm muaj. Piv nrog cov hlau tsis xeb austenitic, duplex steel muaj zog siab, tiv taus intergranular corrosion thiab chloride kev ntxhov siab corrosion thiab pitting corrosion tau zoo dua.
5. Cov hlau tsis xeb uas ua kom nag los nag
Lub matrix yog austenitic lossis martensitic lub koom haum, thiab tuaj yeem ua kom tawv los ntawm kev kho kom tawv kom ua rau nws tawv stainless hlau. American Iron thiab Steel Institute rau 600 series ntawm cov ntawv cim digital, xws li 630, uas yog, 17-4PH.
Feem ntau, ntxiv rau cov hlau alloys, qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm austenitic stainless hlau yog qhov zoo dua, nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tsis muaj corrosive, koj tuaj yeem siv ferritic stainless hlau, nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig me ntsis corrosive, yog tias cov khoom siv xav tau muaj lub zog siab lossis siab hardness, koj tuaj yeem siv martensitic stainless hlau thiab precipitation hardening stainless hlau.
Cov yam ntxwv thiab kev siv
Cov txheej txheem nto
Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tuab
1. Vim tias cov tshuab hlau hauv cov txheej txheem dov, cov yob raug cua sov los ntawm kev hloov pauv me ntsis, ua rau dov tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phaj tuab, feem ntau tuab hauv nruab nrab ntawm ob sab ntawm nyias. Thaum ntsuas qhov tuab ntawm lub phaj, cov cai yuav tsum tau ntsuas hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub taub hau phaj.
2. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov kev kam rau siab yog raws li kev ua lag luam thiab kev thov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, feem ntau muab faib ua qhov loj thiab me me.
V. Kev tsim khoom, kev tshuaj xyuas
1. Phaj yeeb nkab
① cov yeeb nkab sib txuas ua ke rau 100% kev tshuaj xyuas hluav taws xob lossis UT, qib tsim nyog: RT: Ⅱ UT: Ⅰ qib;
② Ntxiv rau cov hlau tsis xeb, cov yeeb nkab spliced phaj kev ntxhov siab txo kev kho cua sov;
③ lub raj phaj qhov choj dav sib txawv: raws li cov mis rau xam qhov dav ntawm lub qhov choj: B = (S - d) - D1
Qhov dav tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub qhov choj: B = 1/2 (S - d) + C;
2. Kev kho cua sov ntawm lub thawv raj:
Cov hlau carbon, cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau welded nrog kev faib ua feem ntawm lub thawv yeeb nkab, nrog rau lub thawv yeeb nkab ntawm qhov qhib sab ntau dua 1/3 ntawm lub cheeb sab hauv ntawm lub thawv yeeb nkab lub tog raj kheej, thaum siv vuam rau kev kho cua sov kom txo kev ntxhov siab, flange thiab kev faib qhov chaw sealing yuav tsum tau ua tiav tom qab kev kho cua sov.
3. Kev sim siab
Thaum lub siab ntawm lub plhaub txheej txheem tsim qis dua lub siab ntawm lub raj, txhawm rau xyuas qhov zoo ntawm lub raj xa dej kub thiab lub raj phaj sib txuas
① Lub plhaub qhov kev pab cuam siab kom nce qhov kev sim siab nrog rau cov yeeb nkab qhov kev pab cuam sib xws nrog kev sim hydraulic, los xyuas seb qhov xau ntawm cov yeeb nkab sib koom ua ke. (Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev ntxhov siab thawj zaug ntawm lub plhaub thaum lub sijhawm sim hydraulic yog ≤0.9ReLΦ)
② Thaum txoj kev saum toj no tsis tsim nyog, lub plhaub tuaj yeem ua qhov kev sim hydrostatic raws li qhov siab qub tom qab dhau, thiab tom qab ntawd lub plhaub rau kev sim ammonia lossis kev sim halogen.
Cov hlau tsis xeb hom twg tsis yooj yim xeb?
Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau xeb ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb:
1. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Feem ntau hais lus, cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium hauv 10.5% hlau tsis yooj yim rau xeb. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium thiab nickel siab dua qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua, xws li 304 cov khoom nickel ntsiab lus ntawm 85 ~ 10%, chromium ntsiab lus ntawm 18% ~ 20%, cov hlau stainless feem ntau tsis yog xeb.
2. Cov txheej txheem smelting ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom kuj tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov corrosion tsis kam ntawm stainless hlau. Smelting technology zoo, cov khoom siv siab heev, cov thev naus laus zis siab heev, cov nroj tsuag loj stainless hlau ob qho tib si hauv kev tswj hwm cov khoom sib xyaw, tshem tawm cov impurities, billet txias kub tswj tau lav, yog li cov khoom zoo ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha, zoo intrinsic zoo, tsis yooj yim rau xeb. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qee cov khoom siv me me ntawm cov nroj tsuag hlau rov qab, rov qab technology, cov txheej txheem smelting, cov impurities tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm, kev tsim cov khoom yuav tsis zam xeb.
3. Ib puag ncig sab nraud. Ib puag ncig qhuav thiab muaj cua nkag tsis yooj yim xeb, thaum huab cua noo, nag los tas li, lossis huab cua uas muaj kua qaub thiab alkalinity ntawm ib puag ncig yooj yim xeb. 304 cov khoom siv hlau tsis xeb, yog tias ib puag ncig tsis zoo dhau kuj xeb.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj kho tau cov xeb ntawm cov hlau stainless?
1. Txoj kev siv tshuaj lom neeg
Siv cov tshuaj pleev pickling los yog tshuaj tsuag los pab nws cov khoom xeb kom rov ua kom cov chromium oxide zaj duab xis rov qab los tiv thaiv xeb, tom qab pickling, txhawm rau tshem tawm tag nrho cov pa phem thiab cov kua qaub seem, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau yaug nrog dej kom zoo. Tom qab txhua yam tiav thiab rov ua dua nrog cov khoom siv polishing, nws tuaj yeem kaw nrog cov tshuaj pleev polishing. Rau cov chaw xeb me me hauv zos kuj tseem siv tau 1: 1 roj av, roj sib tov nrog daim ntaub huv si los so cov chaw xeb.
2. Cov txheej txheem kho tshuab
Kev ntxuav xuab zeb, kev ntxuav nrog cov iav lossis cov khoom siv ceramic blasting, rhuav tshem, txhuam thiab polishing. Cov txheej txheem tshuab muaj peev xwm so cov pa phem los ntawm cov khoom siv uas tau tshem tawm yav dhau los, cov khoom siv polishing lossis cov khoom siv uas tau rhuav tshem. Txhua yam kev ua qias tuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau txawv teb chaws, tuaj yeem ua rau xeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw noo noo. Yog li ntawd, cov chaw ntxuav tshuab yuav tsum tau ntxuav raws li qhov xwm txheej qhuav. Kev siv cov txheej txheem tshuab tsuas yog ntxuav nws qhov chaw thiab tsis hloov qhov kev tiv thaiv xeb ntawm cov khoom siv nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, nws raug pom zoo kom rov txhuam qhov chaw nrog cov khoom siv polishing thiab kaw nws nrog cov tshuaj pleev xim polishing tom qab ntxuav tshuab.
Cov cuab yeej siv feem ntau ntawm cov qib thiab cov khoom ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb
1.304 stainless hlau. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau stainless austenitic nrog daim ntawv thov loj thiab siv dav tshaj plaws, tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom sib sib zog nqus thiab cov kav dej kua qaub, cov thawv, cov khoom siv, ntau hom lub cev twj paj nruag, thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv uas tsis yog hlau nplaum, cov khoom siv kub qis.
2.304L stainless hlau. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem Cr23C6 uas tshwm sim los ntawm 304 stainless hlau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, muaj kev nyiam ua rau intergranular corrosion thiab kev txhim kho ntawm ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless hlau, nws lub xeev rhiab heev ntawm intergranular corrosion tsis kam yog qhov zoo dua li 304 stainless hlau. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov muaj zog me ntsis qis dua, lwm yam khoom nrog 321 stainless hlau, feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv corrosion-resistant thiab cov khoom tsis tuaj yeem welded daws kev kho mob, tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim ntau hom lub cev ntsuas.
3.304H stainless hlau. 304 stainless hlau sab hauv ceg, cov pa roj carbon feem pua hauv 0.04% ~ 0.10%, kev ua haujlwm kub siab zoo dua li 304 stainless hlau.
4.316 stainless hlau. Hauv 10Cr18Ni12 hlau raws li kev ntxiv ntawm molybdenum, yog li ntawd cov hlau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau kev txo cov xov xwm thiab kev tiv thaiv xeb pitting. Hauv dej hiav txwv thiab lwm yam xov xwm, kev tiv thaiv xeb zoo dua li 304 stainless hlau, feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom tiv thaiv xeb pitting.
5.316L stainless hlau. Cov hlau uas tsis muaj carbon ntau, nrog kev tiv taus zoo rau kev xeb intergranular, tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov khoom siv tuab, xws li cov khoom siv petrochemical hauv cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus corrosion.
6.316H stainless hlau. ceg sab hauv ntawm 316 stainless hlau, cov pa roj carbon feem pua ntawm 0.04% -0.10%, kev ua haujlwm kub siab zoo dua li 316 stainless hlau.
7.317 stainless hlau. Pitting corrosion tsis kam thiab creep tsis kam zoo dua li 316L stainless hlau, siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv petrochemical thiab cov khoom siv organic acid corrosion resistant.
8.321 stainless hlau. Titanium stabilized austenitic stainless hlau, ntxiv titanium los txhim kho intergranular corrosion tsis kam, thiab muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo kub, tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless hlau. Ntxiv rau qhov kub siab lossis hydrogen corrosion tsis kam thiab lwm yam xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, qhov xwm txheej dav dav tsis pom zoo.
9.347 stainless hlau. Niobium-stabilized austenitic stainless hlau, niobium ntxiv rau kom txhim kho kev tiv thaiv rau intergranular corrosion, corrosion tsis kam hauv acid, alkali, ntsev thiab lwm yam corrosive media nrog 321 stainless hlau, kev ua haujlwm vuam zoo, tuaj yeem siv ua cov khoom siv corrosion-resistant thiab cov hlau kub-resistant siv feem ntau rau thermal fais fab, petrochemical teb, xws li kev tsim cov thawv, cov kav dej, cov hloov pauv cua sov, shafts, industrial furnaces hauv lub raj cua sov thiab lub raj cua sov thermometer thiab lwm yam.
10.904L stainless hlau. Super tiav austenitic stainless hlau, super austenitic stainless hlau tsim los ntawm Finland Otto Kemp, nws nickel pawg feem ntawm 24% txog 26%, carbon pawg feem tsawg dua 0.02%, zoo heev tiv taus corrosion, nyob rau hauv cov kua qaub tsis-oxidizing xws li sulfuric, acetic, formic thiab phosphoric acid muaj zoo heev tiv taus corrosion, thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj zoo tiv taus crevice corrosion thiab tiv taus kev ntxhov siab corrosion zog. Nws yog tsim rau ntau yam concentration ntawm sulfuric acid hauv qab 70 ℃, thiab muaj zoo tiv taus corrosion rau acetic acid thiab mixed acid ntawm formic acid thiab acetic acid ntawm txhua concentration thiab txhua qhov kub nyob rau hauv ib txwm siab. Tus qauv qub ASMESB-625 muab nws rau nickel-based alloys, thiab tus qauv tshiab muab nws rau stainless hlau. Tuam Tshoj tsuas yog kwv yees qib 015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2 hlau, ob peb lub tuam txhab European cov khoom siv tseem ceeb siv 904L stainless hlau, xws li E + H lub raj ntsuas qhov ntsuas loj yog siv 904L stainless hlau, Rolex lub thawv saib kuj siv 904L stainless hlau.
11.440C stainless hlau. Martensitic stainless hlau, hardenable stainless hlau, stainless hlau nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws hardness, hardness HRC57. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov nozzles, bearings, li qub, valve spools, valve rooj zaum, tes tsho, valve stems, thiab lwm yam ..
12.17-4PH stainless hlau. Martensitic precipitation hardening stainless hlau, hardness HRC44, nrog lub zog siab, hardness thiab corrosion tsis kam, tsis tuaj yeem siv rau qhov kub siab dua 300 ℃. Nws muaj corrosion tsis kam zoo rau ob qho tib si atmospheric thiab dilute acids lossis ntsev, thiab nws qhov corrosion tsis kam yog tib yam li 304 stainless hlau thiab 430 stainless hlau, uas yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov offshore platforms, turbine blades, spools, rooj zaum, tes tsho thiab stems ntawm li qub.
Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntsuas, ua ke nrog cov teeb meem dav dav thiab tus nqi, cov kev xaiv hlau austenitic stainless hlau ib txwm yog 304-304L-316-316L-317-321-347-904L stainless hlau, uas 317 tsis tshua siv, 321 tsis pom zoo, 347 siv rau kev xeb kub siab, 904L tsuas yog cov khoom siv tsis raug ntawm qee cov khoom ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom, tus qauv tsim yuav tsis siv zog los xaiv 904L.
Hauv kev xaiv cov cuab yeej tsim, feem ntau yuav muaj cov khoom siv cuab yeej thiab cov yeeb nkab cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej kub siab, peb yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv cuab yeej kom tau raws li cov khoom siv txheej txheem lossis cov kav dej tsim kub thiab tsim siab, xws li cov kav dej kub chrome molybdenum steel, thaum cov cuab yeej xaiv cov hlau tsis xeb, ces nws yuav muaj teeb meem heev, koj yuav tsum mus sab laj nrog cov khoom siv kub thiab lub ntsuas siab.
Thaum xaiv cov cuab yeej tsim, feem ntau yuav ntsib ntau yam tshuab sib txawv, series, qib ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb, kev xaiv yuav tsum raws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, kub, siab, qhov chaw ntxhov siab, xeb thiab tus nqi thiab lwm yam.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-11-2023