Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho cua sov hauv paus!

Kev kho cua sov yog hais txog cov txheej txheem hlau thermal uas cov khoom siv tau ua kom sov, tuav thiab txias los ntawm cov cua sov hauv lub xeev kom tau txais lub koom haum thiab cov khoom uas xav tau.

I. Kev kho cua sov

1, Normalizing: cov hlau los yog steel daim rhuab mus rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm AC3 los yog ACM saum toj no qhov tsim nyog kub kom tswj tau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm tom qab txias nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, kom tau cov pearlitic hom ntawm lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov.

2, Annealing: eutectic steel workpiece rhuab mus rau AC3 saum toj no 20-40 degrees, tom qab tuav rau ib lub sij hawm, nrog rau lub cub tawg maj mam txias (los yog faus rau hauv xuab zeb los yog txiv qaub txias) mus rau 500 degrees hauv qab no cov cua txias nyob rau hauv cov cua kub txheej txheem. .

3, Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kho cua sov: cov hlau yog rhuab mus rau qhov kub siab ib-theem cheeb tsam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias kom tswj tau, kom cov theem dhau los ua kom tiav rau hauv cov kua dej, thiab tom qab ntawd txias sai sai kom tau txais cov txheej txheem supersaturated khoom kub kho. .

4 、 Kev laus ： Tom qab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kho cua sov lossis cov yas txias deformation ntawm cov hlau, thaum nws muab tso rau hauv chav tsev kub lossis khaws cia ntawm qhov kub me ntsis dua li chav tsev kub, qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws cov khoom hloov nrog lub sijhawm.

5, Cov khoom siv kho mob: kom cov hlau nyob rau hauv ntau theem ua kom tiav, ntxiv dag zog rau cov khoom siv thiab txhim kho cov tawv thiab corrosion kuj, tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab thiab softening, thiaj li yuav ua rau molding txuas ntxiv.

6, Kev laus kev kho mob: cua sov thiab tuav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm nag lossis daus ntawm lub zog ntawm lub zog, kom cov nag lossis daus ntawm cov txheej txheem ntxiv rau precipitate, yuav tsum hardened, txhim kho lub zog.

7, quenching: steel austenitization tom qab txias ntawm qhov tsim nyog txias, kom lub workpiece nyob rau hauv cross-section ntawm tag nrho cov los yog ib tug ntau yam ntawm unstable lub koom haum qauv xws li martensite transformation ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov.

8, Tempering: lub quenched workpiece yuav rhuab mus rau qhov tseem ceeb point ntawm AC1 hauv qab qhov tsim nyog kub rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab ces txias nyob rau hauv raws li cov kev cai ntawm txoj kev, thiaj li yuav tau txais lub xav tau lub koom haum thiab cov khoom ntawm lub Kev kho cua sov txheej txheem.

9, steel carbonitriding: carbonitriding yog rau saum npoo ntawm hlau nyob rau tib lub sij hawm infiltration ntawm carbon thiab nitrogen txheej txheem.Kev cai carbonitriding tseem hu ua cyanide, nruab nrab kub roj carbonitriding thiab kub tsis tshua muaj roj carbonitriding (xws li roj nitrocarburizing) yog siv ntau dua.Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm nruab nrab kub roj carbonitriding yog los txhim kho hardness, hnav tsis kam thiab qaug zog ntawm steel.Tsawg-kub roj carbonitriding rau nitriding-raws li, nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los txhim kho cov hnav tsis kam ntawm cov hlau thiab tom.

10, Tempering kev kho mob (quenching thiab tempering): cov kev cai dav dav yuav raug quenched thiab tempered ntawm qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog kub kev kho mob hu ua tempering kev kho mob.Tempering kev kho mob yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv alternating loads ntawm txuas rods, bolts, zog thiab shafts.Tempering tom qab tempering kho kom tau tempered sohnite lub koom haum, nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo dua qub hardness ntawm normalized sohnite lub koom haum.Nws hardness nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tempering thiab steel tempering stability thiab workpiece cross-section loj, feem ntau ntawm HB200-350.

11, Brazing: nrog cov khoom siv brazing yuav yog ob hom workpiece cua sov melting bonded ua ke cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov.

II.Tnws cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem

Kev kho cua sov hlau yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom, piv nrog rau lwm cov txheej txheem machining, kev kho cua sov feem ntau tsis hloov cov duab ntawm lub workpiece thiab tag nrho cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis los ntawm kev hloov cov microstructure sab hauv ntawm lub workpiece, los yog hloov cov tshuaj. muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece, muab los yog txhim kho kev siv ntawm lub workpiece zog.Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txhim kho hauv qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, uas feem ntau tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab.Txhawm rau ua kom cov hlau ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv kho tshuab, cov khoom siv lub cev thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, ntxiv rau kev xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog thiab ntau yam txheej txheem molding, txheej txheem kev kho cua sov feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb.Hlau yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam tshuab, steel microstructure complex, tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev kho cua sov, yog li kev kho cua sov ntawm cov hlau yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cua sov hlau.Tsis tas li ntawd, txhuas, tooj liab, magnesium, titanium thiab lwm yam alloys kuj tuaj yeem kho cua sov los hloov nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab, lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, txhawm rau kom tau txais kev sib txawv.

III.Tnws process

Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov feem ntau suav nrog cua sov, tuav, txias peb txheej txheem, qee zaum tsuas yog cua sov thiab cua txias ob txheej txheem.Cov txheej txheem no txuas rau ib leeg, tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam.

Cua sov yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cua sov.Hlau kev kho cua sov ntawm ntau txoj kev cua sov, qhov ntxov tshaj plaws yog kev siv cov charcoal thiab thee los ua cov cua sov, qhov kev siv tsis ntev los no ntawm cov kua thiab cov pa roj.Kev siv hluav taws xob ua kom cua sov yooj yim los tswj, thiab tsis muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig.Kev siv cov khoom siv cua sov no tuaj yeem ua rau cua sov ncaj qha, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov ntsev los yog cov hlau, mus rau cov khoom ntab rau cov cua sov tsis ncaj.

Hlau cua sov, lub workpiece raug huab cua, oxidation, decarburization feem ntau tshwm sim (piv txwv li, cov pa roj carbon ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw kom txo tau), uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov khoom nto ntawm cov khoom cua sov.Yog li ntawd, cov hlau feem ntau yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tswj los yog kev tiv thaiv huab cua, molten ntsev thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev cua sov, tab sis kuj muaj cov txheej txheem los yog ntim cov txheej txheem rau kev tiv thaiv cua sov.

Cov cua kub kub yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov, kev xaiv thiab kev tswj cov cua sov, yog los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb.Cov cua kub kub sib txawv nrog cov khoom siv hlau kho thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho cua sov, tab sis feem ntau yog rhuab saum toj no theem hloov kub kom tau txais lub koom haum kub siab.Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv yuav tsum muaj qee lub sijhawm, yog li thaum lub ntsej muag ntawm cov hlau ua haujlwm kom ua tiav cov cua sov uas yuav tsum tau ua, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau qee lub sijhawm, kom qhov kub thiab txias sab hauv. yog zoo ib yam, kom lub microstructure transformation tiav, uas yog hu ua lub sij hawm tuav.Kev siv hluav taws xob siab ceev cua sov thiab kev kho cua sov saum npoo, qhov cua sov yog ceev heev, feem ntau tsis muaj sij hawm tuav, thaum cov tshuaj tua hluav taws kub ntawm lub sij hawm tuav yog feem ntau ntev dua.

Kev ua kom txias kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov, cov txheej txheem txias vim muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv, feem ntau yog tswj cov cua txias.General annealing txias tus nqi yog qhov qeeb tshaj plaws, normalizing tus nqi cua txias yog sai dua, quenching tus nqi txias yog sai dua.Tab sis kuj vim yog cov hlau sib txawv thiab muaj cov kev xav tau sib txawv, xws li cua-hardened steel tuaj yeem quenched nrog cov cua txias tib yam li normalizing.

IV.Process kev faib tawm

Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov hlau tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kev kho cua sov tag nrho, kev kho cua sov ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev kho cua sov ntawm peb pawg.Raws li qhov nruab nrab cua sov, cua sov thiab cua txias txoj kev sib txawv, txhua pawg tuaj yeem sib txawv rau ntau txoj kev kho cua sov sib txawv.Tib cov hlau siv cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov sib txawv, tuaj yeem tau txais cov koom haum sib txawv, yog li muaj cov khoom sib txawv.Hlau thiab hlau yog cov hlau siv dav tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam, thiab steel microstructure kuj yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, yog li muaj ntau yam txheej txheem kev kho cua sov steel.

Kev kho cua sov tag nrho yog tag nrho cov cua sov ntawm lub workpiece, thiab tom qab ntawd txias ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog, kom tau txais lub koom haum metallurgical xav tau, txhawm rau hloov nws tag nrho cov khoom siv ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov hlau.Tag nrho cov kev kho cua sov ntawm steel roughly annealing, normalizing, quenching thiab tempering plaub txheej txheem.

Txheej txheem txhais tau tias:

Annealing yog lub workpiece yog rhuab mus rau qhov tsim nyog kub, raws li cov khoom thiab qhov luaj li cas ntawm lub workpiece siv txawv tuav lub sij hawm, thiab ces maj mam txias, lub hom phiaj yog ua kom lub internal lub koom haum ntawm cov hlau ua kom tiav los yog ze rau lub equilibrium lub xeev. , kom tau txais cov txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo, lossis ntxiv rau kev sib tw rau lub koom haum ntawm kev npaj.

Normalizing yog lub workpiece yog rhuab mus rau qhov tsim nyog kub tom qab txias nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, cov nyhuv ntawm normalizing yog zoo ib yam li annealing, tsuas yog kom tau ib tug finer lub koom haum, feem ntau siv los txhim kho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj tej zaum kuj siv rau ib co ntawm. qhov tsawg xav tau qhov chaw raws li qhov kawg kev kho cua sov.

Quenching yog lub workpiece yog rhuab thiab insulated, nyob rau hauv dej, roj los yog lwm yam inorganic ntsev, organic aqueous daws thiab lwm yam quenching nruab nrab rau ceev ceev txias.Tom qab quenching, steel qhov chaw yuav nyuaj, tab sis tib lub sij hawm ua nkig, thiaj li yuav tshem tawm cov brittleness nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, nws yog feem ntau yuav tsum tau temper nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm.

Txhawm rau txo qhov brittleness ntawm steel qhov chaw, quenched steel qhov chaw ntawm qhov tsim nyog kub siab tshaj li chav tsev kub thiab qis dua 650 ℃ rau lub sij hawm ntev ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, thiab ces txias, txheej txheem no hu ua tempering.Annealing, normalizing, quenching, tempering yog tag nrho cov kev kho cua sov nyob rau hauv "plaub hluav taws", uas cov quenching thiab tempering yog zoo sib xws, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog ib leeg, ib tug yog indispensable."Plaub hluav taws" nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov sib txawv, thiab hloov kho cov txheej txheem kub sib txawv.Txhawm rau kom tau txais qee qhov ntawm lub zog thiab tawv, qhov quenching thiab tempering ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem, hu ua tempering.Tom qab qee cov alloys raug quenched los tsim ib qho kev daws teeb meem supersaturated, lawv tau tuav ntawm chav tsev kub lossis qhov kub siab dua me ntsis rau lub sijhawm ntev dua txhawm rau txhim kho hardness, lub zog, lossis hluav taws xob hlau nplaum ntawm cov hlau.Xws li cov txheej txheem kho cua sov yog hu ua kev kho kev laus.

Kev ua haujlwm siab deformation thiab kev kho cua sov kom zoo thiab ua ke ua ke kom ua tiav, kom lub workpiece kom tau txais lub zog zoo heev, toughness nrog txoj kev hu ua deformation tshav kub kho;nyob rau hauv qhov tsis zoo-siab cua los yog lub tshuab nqus tsev nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub kev kho mob hu ua lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov, uas tsis tsuas yog yuav ua rau lub workpiece tsis oxidize, tsis txhob decarburize, khaws lub nto ntawm lub workpiece tom qab kev kho mob, txhim kho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub workpiece, tab sis kuj los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev osmotic rau tshuaj kho cua sov.

Kev kho cua sov saum npoo yog tsuas yog cua sov txheej txheej ntawm lub workpiece los hloov cov khoom siv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem hlau kub.Nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsuas yog ua kom sov txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev kub ntxhov, kev siv hluav taws xob nrawm, uas yog, hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog loj dua, yog li ntawd tias txheej txheej ntawm lub workpiece los yog hauv zos tuaj yeem yog lub sijhawm luv luv lossis instantaneous kom ncav cuag qhov kub thiab txias.Kev kho cua sov saum npoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm nplaim hluav taws quenching thiab induction cua sov kev kho cua sov, feem ntau siv cov cua sov xws li oxyacetylene lossis oxypropane nplaim taws, induction tam sim no, laser thiab electron beam.

Kev kho cua sov tshuaj yog txheej txheem kev kho cua sov hlau los ntawm kev hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, koom haum thiab cov khoom ntawm txheej txheej ntawm lub workpiece.Kev kho cua sov tshuaj txawv ntawm qhov chaw kho cua sov nyob rau hauv qhov qub hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txheej txheej ntawm lub workpiece.Kev kho cua sov tshuaj yog muab tso rau ntawm lub workpiece uas muaj cov pa roj carbon, ntsev xov xwm los yog lwm yam alloying ntsiab ntawm nruab nrab (gas, kua, khoom) nyob rau hauv lub cua sov, rwb thaiv tsev rau lub sij hawm ntev, thiaj li hais tias lub nto txheej ntawm workpiece infiltration ntawm carbon. , nitrogen, boron thiab chromium thiab lwm yam khoom.Tom qab infiltration ntawm cov ntsiab lus, thiab qee zaum lwm cov txheej txheem kho cua sov xws li quenching thiab tempering.Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cua sov yog carburizing, nitriding, hlau nkag.

Kev kho cua sov yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuab thiab pwm.Feem ntau hais lus, nws tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau thiab txhim kho ntau yam khoom ntawm lub workpiece, xws li hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj.Kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho lub koom haum ntawm qhov khoob thiab lub xeev kev ntxhov siab, txhawm rau pab txhawb ntau yam kev ua haujlwm txias thiab kub.

Piv txwv li: dawb cam khwb cia hlau tom qab lub sij hawm ntev annealing kev kho mob yuav tau malleable cam khwb cia hlau, txhim kho plasticity;iav nrog cov txheej txheem kho cua sov kom raug, kev pab cuam lub neej tuaj yeem ua tau ntau tshaj qhov tsis siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los yog ntau lub sijhawm;Tsis tas li ntawd, pheej yig carbon steel los ntawm infiltration ntawm tej yam alloying ntsiab muaj ib co kim alloy steel kev ua tau zoo, tuaj yeem hloov qee cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov, stainless hlau;pwm thiab tuag yog yuav luag txhua qhov yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem siv tau tom qab kev kho cua sov nkaus xwb.

Ntxiv txhais tau tias

I. Hom annealing

Annealing yog txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas lub workpiece raug rhuab mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, tuav rau qee lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias.

Muaj ntau ntau hom steel annealing txheej txheem, raws li cov cua kub kub yuav muab faib ua ob pawg: ib tug yog nyob rau ntawm qhov tseem ceeb kub (Ac1 los yog Ac3) saum toj no lub annealing, tseem hu ua theem hloov recrystallization annealing, nrog rau ua tiav annealing, tsis tiav annealing. , spheroidal annealing thiab diffusion annealing (homogenization annealing), thiab lwm yam.;lwm yam yog qis dua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov annealing, suav nrog recrystallization annealing thiab de-stressing annealing, thiab lwm yam.

1, ua kom tiav annealing thiab isothermal annealing

Ua kom tiav annealing, tseem hu ua recrystallization annealing, feem ntau hu ua annealing, nws yog cov hlau los yog steel rhuab rau Ac3 saum 20 ~ 30 ℃, rwb thaiv tsev ntev txaus kom lub koom haum austenitized kiag li tom qab txias txias, thiaj li yuav tau ze li ntawm equilibrium lub koom haum. ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov.Qhov no annealing yog tsuas yog siv rau sub-eutectic muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntau yam carbon thiab alloy steel castings, forgings thiab kub dov profiles, thiab tej zaum kuj siv rau welded lug.Feem ntau feem ntau raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm tsis hnyav workpiece zaum kawg thaum tshav kub kub kho, los yog raws li ib tug pre-heat kev kho mob ntawm ib co workpieces.

2, pob annealing

Spheroidal annealing yog tsuas yog siv rau ntau tshaj-eutectic carbon steel thiab alloy cuab yeej hlau (xws li kev tsim cov cuab yeej edged, gauges, pwm thiab tuag siv hauv cov hlau).Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txo qhov hardness, txhim kho lub machinability, thiab npaj rau yav tom ntej quenching.

3, kev nyuaj siab nyem annealing

Kev ntxhov siab annealing, tseem hu ua low-temperature annealing (los yog high-temperature tempering), no annealing yog tsuas yog siv los tshem tawm cov castings, forgings, weldments, kub dov qhov chaw, txias-draw qhov chaw thiab lwm yam residual kev nyuaj siab.Yog tias cov kev ntxhov siab no tsis raug tshem tawm, yuav ua rau cov hlau tom qab qee lub sijhawm, lossis hauv cov txheej txheem txiav tom ntej los tsim deformation lossis tawg.

4. Tsis tiav annealing yog kom sov cov hlau mus rau Ac1 ~ Ac3 (sub-eutectic steel) los yog Ac1 ~ ACcm (over-eutectic steel) nruab nrab ntawm cov cua sov preservation thiab qeeb txias kom tau ze li ntawm lub koom haum sib npaug ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov.

II.quenching, feem ntau siv txias nruab nrab yog brine, dej thiab roj.

Cov dej ntsev quenching ntawm lub workpiece, yooj yim kom tau siab hardness thiab du nto, tsis yooj yim los tsim quenching tsis nyuaj qhov chaw, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau lub workpiece deformation yog loj, thiab txawm tawg.Kev siv roj raws li qhov nruab nrab quenching tsuas yog tsim nyog rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm supercooled austenite yog qhov loj hauv qee cov hlau alloy lossis me me ntawm carbon steel workpiece quenching.

III.lub hom phiaj ntawm steel tempering

1, txo brittleness, tshem tawm lossis txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, steel quenching muaj ntau qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab brittleness, xws li tsis raws sij hawm tempering yuav feem ntau ua rau cov hlau deformation los yog tawg.

2, kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub workpiece, lub workpiece tom qab quenching siab hardness thiab brittleness, thiaj li yuav ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm ntau yam workpieces, koj tuaj yeem kho qhov hardness los ntawm qhov tsim nyog tempering los txo qhov brittleness. ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau toughness, plasticity.

3, Stabilize qhov loj ntawm lub workpiece

4, rau annealing yog ib qho nyuaj rau soften tej alloy steels, nyob rau hauv lub quenching (los yog normalizing) yog feem ntau siv tom qab high-temperature tempering, thiaj li hais tias cov hlau carbide tsim nyog aggregation, lub hardness yuav raug txo, thiaj li yuav yooj yim txiav thiab ua.

Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv

1, annealing: yog hais txog cov ntaub ntawv hlau rhuab mus rau qhov tsim nyog kub, khaws cia rau ib lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov.Cov txheej txheem annealing feem ntau yog: recrystallization annealing, kev ntxhov siab nyem annealing, spheroidal annealing, ua kom tiav annealing, thiab lwm yam.. Lub hom phiaj ntawm annealing: feem ntau yog txo cov hardness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau, txhim kho plasticity, thiaj li yooj yim txiav los yog siab machining, txo cov residual stresses. , txhim kho lub koom haum thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm homogenization, los yog rau kev kho cua sov tom kawg kom lub koom haum npaj txhij.

2, normalizing: yog hais txog cov hlau los yog hlau rhuab los yog (steel ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kub thiab txias) saum toj no, 30 ~ 50 ℃ los tswj lub sij hawm tsim nyog, txias nyob rau hauv tseem cua sov txheej txheem.Lub hom phiaj ntawm normalizing: feem ntau yog los txhim kho cov cuab yeej ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj carbon steel, txhim kho kev txiav thiab machinability, grain refinement, tshem tawm cov koom haum tsis xws luag, rau kev kho cua sov tom kawg los npaj lub koom haum.

3, quenching: yog hais txog cov hlau rhuab rau Ac3 lossis Ac1 (steel nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kub thiab txias) siab tshaj qhov kub thiab txias, khaws ib lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau qhov tsim nyog txias, kom tau txais martensite (los yog bainite) lub koom haum ntawm lub Kev kho cua sov txheej txheem.Cov txheej txheem quenching feem ntau yog ib qho nruab nrab quenching, dual-nruab nrab quenching, martensite quenching, bainite isothermal quenching, nto quenching thiab hauv zos quenching.Lub hom phiaj ntawm quenching: kom cov hlau seem kom tau txais lub koom haum martensitic, txhim kho hardness ntawm lub workpiece, lub zog thiab abrasion tsis kam, rau kev kho cua sov tom kawg los ua kev npaj zoo rau lub koom haum.

4, tempering: hais txog cov hlau hardened, ces rhuab mus rau ib tug kub hauv qab Ac1, tuav lub sij hawm, thiab ces txias rau chav tsev kub kub txheej txheem.Cov txheej txheem tempering feem ntau yog: qis-kub tempering, nruab nrab-kub tempering, high-temperature tempering thiab ntau tempering.

Tempering lub hom phiaj: feem ntau yog los tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab uas tsim los ntawm cov hlau hauv qhov quenching, kom cov hlau muaj qhov tawv tawv thiab hnav tsis kam, thiab muaj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj plasticity thiab toughness.

5, tempering: yog hais txog cov hlau los yog hlau rau quenching thiab high-temperature tempering ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov.Siv rau hauv kev kho cua sov ntawm cov hlau hu ua tempered steel.Nws feem ntau yog hais txog nruab nrab carbon structural steel thiab nruab nrab carbon alloy structural steel.

6, carburizing: carburizing yog txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov pa roj carbon atoms nkag mus rau hauv txheej txheej ntawm hlau.Nws tseem yog ua kom cov pa roj carbon tsawg tsawg workpiece muaj txheej txheej ntawm cov pa roj carbon siab, thiab tom qab ntawd tom qab quenching thiab tsis kub tempering, kom cov txheej txheej ntawm lub workpiece muaj siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, thaum lub hauv paus ntawm lub workpiece. tseem tuav lub toughness thiab plasticity ntawm tsawg carbon steel.

Vacuum method

Vim tias cov cua sov thiab cua txias ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau workpieces yuav tsum muaj kaum lossis kaum ob ntawm kev ua kom tiav.Cov kev ua no yog ua nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov rauv, tus neeg teb xov tooj tsis tuaj yeem mus txog, yog li cov degree ntawm automation ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov yuav tsum siab dua.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee qhov kev ua, xws li cua sov thiab tuav qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau workpiece quenching txheej txheem yuav tsum yog rau, xya qhov kev ua thiab ua kom tiav hauv 15 vib nas this.Xws li agile tej yam kev mob ua kom tiav ntau yam, nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau tus neeg teb xov tooj nervousness thiab ua rau misoperation.Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog qib siab ntawm automation tuaj yeem ua tiav, kev sib koom ua ke raws sijhawm raws li qhov kev zov me nyuam.

Kev kho cua sov ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm cov khoom hlau yog nqa tawm hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev kaw, nruj lub tshuab nqus tsev sealing yog paub zoo.Yog li ntawd, kom tau txais thiab ua raws li tus thawj huab cua to ntawm lub cub tawg, kom ntseeg tau tias lub tshuab nqus tsev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw nqus cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.Yog li qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov yog kom muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum sealing zoo.Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias lub tshuab nqus tsev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev, lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov tsim qauv tsim yuav tsum ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, uas yog, lub tshuab nqus tsev siv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum siv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, thaum lub tshuab lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum yog tsim los qhib lossis tsis qhib. lub qhov, tsawg dua los yog zam kom tsis txhob siv cov qauv kev sib khi dynamic, txhawm rau txo lub sijhawm rau lub tshuab nqus tsev.Nruab nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev rauv lub cev Cheebtsam, accessories, xws li dej-txias electrodes, thermocouple export ntaus ntawv kuj yuav tsum tau tsim los kaw cov qauv.

Feem ntau cov khoom siv cua sov thiab rwb thaiv tsev tsuas yog siv tau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev.Lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov cua sov cua sov thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev hauv ob sab phlu yog nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab kub ua hauj lwm, yog li cov ntaub ntawv no muab tso rau pem hauv ntej lub siab kub tsis kam, hluav taws xob tshwm sim, thermal conductivity thiab lwm yam yuav tsum tau.Cov kev cai rau oxidation kuj tsis siab.Yog li ntawd, lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov rauv siv dav siv tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum thiab graphite rau cua sov thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv.Cov ntaub ntawv no yooj yim heev rau oxidize nyob rau hauv atmospheric lub xeev, yog li ntawd, zoo tib yam kev kho cua sov rauv tsis tuaj yeem siv cov khoom cua sov thiab rwb thaiv tsev.

Cov khoom siv dej txias: lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov lub plhaub, lub qhov cub npog, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cua sov, cov dej txias electrodes, nruab nrab lub tshuab nqus tsev rwb thaiv tsev qhov rooj thiab lwm yam khoom, yog nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm tshav kub ua hauj lwm.Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv xws li unfavorable tej yam kev mob, nws yuav tsum tau xyuas kom meej tias cov qauv ntawm txhua yam yog tsis deformed los yog puas, thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev foob tsis overheated los yog hlawv.Yog li ntawd, txhua yam yuav tsum tau teeb tsa raws li cov xwm txheej sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv dej txias kom ntseeg tau tias lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab muaj kev siv lub neej txaus.

Kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no: lub tshuab nqus tsev, thaum lub tshuab nqus tsev nqus tsev kawm ntawv ntawm ob peb lxlo-1 torr ntau, lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua, yuav ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim.Nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov rauv, loj arc paug yuav hlawv cov hluav taws xob cua sov caij, rwb thaiv tsev txheej, ua rau loj xwm txheej thiab poob.Yog li ntawd, lub tshuab nqus tsev kho cua sov rauv hluav taws xob cua sov ua haujlwm voltage feem ntau tsis ntau tshaj 80 txog 100 volts.Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov hluav taws xob cua sov lub ntsiab qauv tsim los coj kev ntsuas zoo, xws li sim kom tsis txhob muaj qhov ntxeev ntawm qhov chaw, electrode spacing ntawm cov electrodes tsis tuaj yeem me me, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov cim ntawm lub teeb ci lossis arc. tso tawm.

Tempering

Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub workpiece, raws li nws qhov sib txawv tempering kub, tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov nram qab no hom tempering:

(a) Kev ntsuas kub qis (150-250 degrees)

Tsawg kub tempering ntawm lub koom haum tshwm sim rau lub tempered martensite.Nws lub hom phiaj yog los tuav lub siab hardness thiab siab hnav tsis kam ntawm quenched steel nyob rau hauv lub premise ntawm txo nws quenching nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab thiab brittleness, thiaj li tsis txhob chipping los yog ntxov ntxov puas thaum siv.Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau ntau yam ntawm high-carbon tej cuab yeej, gauges, txias-draw tuag, dov bearings thiab carburized qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam., tom qab tempering hardness feem ntau yog HRC58-64.

(ii) nruab nrab kub tempering (250-500 degrees)

Nruab nrab kub tempering lub koom haum rau tempered quartz lub cev.Nws lub hom phiaj yog kom tau txais lub zog tawm los siab, elastic txwv thiab siab toughness.Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsuas yog siv rau ntau yam springs thiab kub ua hauj lwm pwm ua, tempering hardness feem ntau HRC35-50.

(C) kub tempering (500-650 degrees)

High-temperature tempering ntawm lub koom haum rau tempered Sohnite.Kev cai quenching thiab kub kub tempering ua ke kev kho cua sov hu ua tempering kev kho mob, nws lub hom phiaj yog kom tau lub zog, hardness thiab plasticity, toughness yog zoo dua tag nrho txhua yam khoom.Yog li ntawd, dav siv nyob rau hauv tsheb, tsheb laij teb, tshuab cuab yeej thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb yam ntxwv qhov chaw, xws li txuas rods, bolts, gears thiab shafts.Lub hardness tom qab tempering feem ntau yog HB200-330.

Kev tiv thaiv deformation

Precision complex pwm deformation ua rau feem ntau nyuaj, tab sis peb tsuas yog paub nws txoj cai deformation, txheeb xyuas nws cov laj thawj, siv ntau txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv pwm deformation tuaj yeem txo, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem tswj tau.Feem ntau hais lus, kev kho cua sov ntawm precision complex pwm deformation tuaj yeem siv cov kev tiv thaiv hauv qab no.

(1) Kev xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog.Precision complex pwm yuav tsum tau xaiv cov khoom zoo microdeformation pwm steel (xws li cua quenching steel), carbide segregation ntawm loj pwm hlau yuav tsum tsim nyog forging thiab tempering tshav kub kev kho mob, qhov loj thiab tsis tuaj yeem forged pwm steel tuaj yeem ua tau cov tshuaj tov ob chav refinement. Kev kho cua sov.

(2) Pwm qauv tsim yuav tsum tsim nyog, thickness yuav tsum tsis txhob sib txawv heev, cov duab yuav tsum symmetrical, rau lub deformation ntawm cov pwm loj kom paub qhov deformation txoj cai, reserved ua nyiaj pub dawb, rau loj, meej thiab complex pwm yuav siv tau. nyob rau hauv ib tug ua ke ntawm cov qauv.

(3) Precision thiab complex pwm yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej tshav kub kom tshem tawm cov residual stress generated nyob rau hauv machining txheej txheem.

(4) Tsim nyog xaiv cov cua sov kub, tswj cov cua kub ceev, rau precision complex pwm tuaj yeem siv qeeb cua sov, preheating thiab lwm yam kev sib npaug ntawm cov cua sov kom txo tau cov pwm kub kho deformation.

(5) Nyob rau hauv lub premise ntawm kom ntseeg tau lub hardness ntawm pwm, sim siv pre-txias, graded txias quenching los yog kub quenching txheej txheem.

(6) Rau precision thiab complex pwm, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tso cai, sim siv lub tshuab nqus tsev cua sov quenching thiab sib sib zog nqus txias kev kho mob tom qab quenching.

(7) Rau qee qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab cov pwm tuaj yeem siv ua ntej kev kho cua sov, kev kho cua sov kev laus, kev kho cua sov nitriding los tswj qhov tseeb ntawm pwm.

(8) Hauv kev kho cov pwm xuab zeb qhov, porosity, hnav thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag, siv lub tshuab vuam txias thiab lwm yam thermal cuam tshuam ntawm cov cuab yeej kho kom tsis txhob kho cov txheej txheem deformation.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov kom raug (xws li ntsaws qhov, khi qhov, kho tshuab kho kom haum, cov txheej txheem cua sov tsim nyog, kev xaiv kom raug ntawm cov cua txias ntawm cov pwm thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav hauv qhov nruab nrab cua txias, thiab lwm yam) thiab tsim nyog. tempering kev kho cua sov txheej txheem yog los txo qhov deformation ntawm precision thiab complex pwm kuj zoo ntsuas.

Deg quenching thiab tempering tshav kub kev kho mob feem ntau yog ua los ntawm induction cua sov los yog nplaim hluav taws kub.Lub ntsiab technical parameters yog deg hardness, lub zos hardness thiab zoo hardening txheej tob.Kev ntsuas hardness tuaj yeem siv Vickers hardness tester, tuaj yeem siv Rockwell lossis nto Rockwell hardness tester.Qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev xeem quab yuam (scale) muaj feem xyuam rau qhov tob ntawm cov txheej txheem hardened zoo thiab qhov hardness ntawm lub workpiece.Peb hom hardness testers koom nrog ntawm no.

Ua ntej, Vickers hardness tester yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas qhov hardness ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kho cua sov, nws tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm 0.5 mus rau 100kg ntawm kev sim quab yuam, sim cov txheej txheej hardening li nyias li 0.05mm tuab, thiab nws qhov tseeb yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. , thiab nws muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv me me nyob rau hauv lub hardness nto ntawm tshav kub-kho workpieces.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tob ntawm cov txheej txheem hardened yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas los ntawm Vickers hardness tester, yog li rau kev kho cua sov saum npoo los yog ntau chav nyob siv qhov chaw kho cua sov, nruab nrog Vickers hardness tester yog tsim nyog.

Qhov thib ob, tus nto Rockwell hardness tester kuj yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev sim qhov hardness ntawm nto hardened workpiece, nto Rockwell hardness tester muaj peb teev los ntawm.Muaj peev xwm kuaj qhov zoo hardening qhov tob ntawm ntau tshaj 0.1mm ntawm ntau yam deg hardening workpiece.Txawm hais tias tus nto Rockwell hardness tester precision tsis yog siab npaum li Vickers hardness tester, tab sis raws li kev kho cua sov cog kev tswj kom zoo thiab tsim nyog soj ntsuam txhais tau tias, muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj muaj kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, siv tau yooj yim, tus nqi qis, ntsuas nrawm, tuaj yeem nyeem ncaj qha rau tus nqi hardness thiab lwm yam ntxwv, kev siv cov nplaim Rockwell hardness tester tuaj yeem ua ib pawg ntawm kev kho cua sov ua haujlwm kom ceev thiab tsis- kev puas tsuaj piece-by-piece test.Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua hlau thiab cov tshuab tsim khoom.

Thib peb, thaum qhov kev kho cua sov saum npoo tawv txheej yog tuab dua, tuaj yeem siv Rockwell hardness tester.Thaum tshav kub kho hardened txheej thickness ntawm 0.4 ~ 0.8 hli, yuav siv tau HRA scale, thaum hardened txheej thickness ntau tshaj 0.8 hli, yuav siv tau HRC nplai.

Vickers, Rockwell thiab nto Rockwell peb hom hardness qhov tseem ceeb tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim rau ib leeg, hloov mus rau tus qauv, kos duab lossis tus neeg siv xav tau cov nqi hardness.Cov rooj sib tham sib hloov tau muab rau hauv tus txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb ISO, Asmeskas tus qauv ASTM thiab Suav tus qauv GB / T.

Localized hardening

Qhov chaw yog hais tias lub zos hardness yuav tsum tau siab dua, muaj induction cua sov thiab lwm yam txhais tau tias ntawm lub zos quenching tshav kub kev kho mob, xws li cov feem ntau yuav tsum tau kos npe rau qhov chaw ntawm lub zos quenching tshav kub kev kho mob thiab lub zos hardness nqi ntawm cov kos duab.Kev ntsuam xyuas hardness ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw xaiv.Cov cuab yeej ntsuas hardness tuaj yeem siv Rockwell hardness tester, kuaj HRC hardness tus nqi, xws li kev kho cua sov hardening txheej yog ntiav, siv tau nto Rockwell hardness tester, kuaj HRN hardness nqi.

Kev kho cua sov

Kev kho cua sov yog ua kom lub ntsej muag ntawm lub workpiece infiltration ntawm ib los yog ob peb yam tshuaj ntawm atoms, thiaj li hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, koom haum thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece.Tom qab quenching thiab tsis kub tempering, nto ntawm lub workpiece muaj siab hardness, hnav tsis kam thiab tiv taus qaug zog, thaum lub hauv paus ntawm lub workpiece muaj siab toughness.

Raws li cov saum toj no, kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev kaw qhov ntsuas kub hauv cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, thiab kev tswj qhov kub tsis zoo muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau cov khoom.Yog li ntawd, kev kuaj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, qhov ntsuas kub ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem kuj tseem ceeb heev, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau sau tseg ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tuaj yeem pab txhawb cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb yav tom ntej, tab sis kuj yuav pom lub sijhawm twg. kub tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.Qhov no yuav ua lub luag haujlwm loj heev hauv kev txhim kho kev kho cua sov yav tom ntej.

Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm

1 、 Ntxuav lub chaw ua haujlwm, xyuas seb lub zog siv hluav taws xob, ntsuas cov cuab yeej thiab ntau yam hloov pauv li cas, thiab seb cov dej ntws zoo li cas.

2 、 Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum hnav cov khoom tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm zoo, txwv tsis pub nws yuav muaj kev phom sij.

3, qhib lub hwj chim tswj kev hloov pauv hloov mus rau thoob ntiaj teb, raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv qib siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, kom ntev lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua.

4, ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov cub hluav taws xob thiab kev tswj hwm txoj siv ceev, tuaj yeem ua tus qauv ntsuas kub uas xav tau rau cov khoom sib txawv, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov hardness ntawm lub workpiece thiab qhov chaw ncaj thiab oxidation txheej, thiab ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb. .

5 、 Ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov cub thiab mesh siv ceev, qhib cov pa tawm, kom lub workpiece tom qab tempering kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

6, nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm yuav tsum lo rau tus ncej.

7, txhawm rau txhim kho cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob tsim nyog, thiab paub txog kev siv thiab kev saib xyuas.

8 、 Thaum nres lub tshuab, peb yuav tsum xyuas tias tag nrho cov kev tswj cov keyboards nyob rau hauv lub xeev tawm, thiab ces kaw lub universal hloov mus.

Kub kub

Los ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntxhib ntawm cov menyuam cov khoom siv bearing qhov chaw tuaj yeem pom tom qab quenching microstructure overheating.Tab sis txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov tseeb ntawm overheating yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub microstructure.Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv GCr15 steel quenching lub koom haum nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm ntxhib koob martensite, nws yog quenching overheating lub koom haum.Yog vim li cas rau qhov tsim ntawm quenching cua sov kub yuav siab dhau los yog cua sov thiab tuav lub sij hawm ntev dhau los ntawm tag nrho cov ntau ntawm overheating;tej zaum kuj yog vim yog thawj lub koom haum ntawm band carbide hnyav, nyob rau hauv qhov tsawg carbon cheeb tsam ntawm ob lub band los tsim ib tug localized martensite koob tuab, uas ua rau localized overheating.Residual austenite nyob rau hauv lub superheated lub koom haum nce, thiab seem stability txo.Vim lub overheating ntawm lub koom haum quenching, steel siv lead ua yog ntxhib, uas yuav ua rau kom txo tau lub toughness ntawm cov khoom, cuam tshuam kuj yog txo, thiab lub neej ntawm cov bearings kuj txo.Overheating hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau quenching tawg.

Ua cua sov

quenching qhov kub thiab txias tsis zoo yuav tsim ntau tshaj li tus qauv Torrhenite lub koom haum nyob rau hauv lub microstructure, hu ua lub underheating lub koom haum, uas ua rau lub hardness poob, hnav tsis kam yog sharply txo, cuam tshuam lub neej ntawm cov menyuam qhov bearing.

Quenching kab nrib pleb

Cov menyuam bearing qhov chaw hauv cov txheej txheem quenching thiab txias vim muaj kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tsim cov kab nrib pleb hu ua quenching cracks.Ua rau cov kab nrib pleb zoo li no yog: vim quenching cua sov kub yog siab dhau los yog txias yog ceev heev, thermal stress thiab hlau loj ntim hloov nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm kev ntxhov siab yog ntau dua li lub zog tawg ntawm steel;ua hauj lwm nto ntawm qhov qub tsis xws luag (xws li nto tawg los yog khawb) los yog sab hauv cov hlau tsis xws luag (xws li slag, loj non-metallic inclusions, dawb me ntsis, shrinkage residue, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv lub quenching ntawm tsim ntawm kev nyuaj siab concentration;hnyav decarburization thiab Carbide segregation;qhov chaw quenched tom qab tempering tsis txaus los yog untimely tempering;txias punch kev ntxhov siab tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem dhau los yog loj dhau, forging folding, sib sib zog nqus tig txiav, roj grooves ntse npoo thiab lwm yam.Nyob rau hauv luv luv, qhov ua rau quenching kab nrib pleb tej zaum yuav yog ib los yog ntau tshaj ntawm cov saum toj no yam, lub xub ntiag ntawm kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv lub sab hauv yog lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau tsim ntawm quenching tawg.quenching cov kab nrib pleb yog qhov sib sib zog nqus thiab sib sib zog nqus, nrog cov pob txha ncaj thiab tsis muaj xim oxidized ntawm qhov tawg.Nws yog feem ntau ib tug longitudinal ca tawg los yog nplhaib-zoo li tus tawg ntawm cov kabmob dab tshos;Cov duab ntawm cov kabmob steel pob yog S-puab, T-puab lossis nplhaib-puab.Lub koom haum cov yam ntxwv ntawm quenching tawg yog tsis muaj decarburization tshwm sim ntawm ob sab ntawm lub tawg, kom meej meej distinguishable los ntawm forging kab nrib pleb thiab cov khoom tawg.

Kev kho cua sov deformation

NACHI bearing qhov chaw hauv kev kho cua sov, muaj kev ntxhov siab thermal thiab lub koom haum kev ntxhov siab, qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tuaj yeem ua rau ib leeg lossis ib nrab offset, yog qhov nyuaj thiab sib txawv, vim tias nws tuaj yeem hloov tau nrog cov cua sov, cua sov, cua txias, cua txias. tus nqi, cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw, yog li kev kho cua sov deformation yog inevitable.Paub thiab paub txog kev cai lij choj tuaj yeem ua rau lub deformation ntawm bearing qhov chaw (xws li lub oval ntawm dab tshos, qhov loj me, thiab lwm yam) muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev tswj tau ntau yam, tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom.Tau kawg, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov ntawm kev sib tsoo tshuab kuj tseem yuav ua rau cov khoom deformation, tab sis qhov deformation no tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm kom txo tau thiab zam.

Nto decarburization

Cov menyuam cov khoom siv bearing qhov chaw hauv cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov, yog tias nws yog rhuab hauv qhov nruab nrab oxidizing, qhov saum npoo yuav raug oxidized kom cov seem ntawm cov pa roj carbon loj feem tsawg txo, uas ua rau decarburization.Qhov tob ntawm decarburization txheej txheej ntau tshaj qhov kawg ua tiav ntawm cov nyiaj khaws cia yuav ua rau cov khoom seem.Kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov tob ntawm decarburization txheej txheej hauv metallographic kuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem metallographic muaj thiab txoj kev microhardness.Lub microhardness faib nkhaus ntawm txheej txheej yog raws li txoj kev ntsuas, thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua qhov kev txiav txim siab.

Qhov chaw mos

Vim tsis muaj cua sov, cua txias tsis zoo, kev ua haujlwm quenching tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov menyuam bearing qhov chaw tsis txaus qhov tshwm sim hu ua quenching soft spot.Nws zoo li decarburization decarburization tuaj yeem ua rau poob qis hauv qhov hnyav hnyav thiab qaug zog.