Kev Txheeb Xyuas Txog Cov Khoom Siv Alloy
Kev Txhais Lus ntawm Alloy
Ib qho hlau sib xyaw yog ib qho sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj ob lossis ntau dua cov hlau, lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau thiab cov khoom tsis yog hlau, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau. Lub tswv yim tom qab kev tsim hlau sib xyaw yog kev sib xyaw ua ke cov ntsiab lus hauv txoj hauv kev kom ua kom zoo dua cov khoom siv kho tshuab, lub cev, thiab tshuaj lom neeg kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm ntau yam kev siv.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv hlau
Cov ntaub ntawv alloy tuaj yeem faib ua pawg raws li lawv cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom raws li hauv qab no:
●Cov Hlau Sib Xyaws:Cov no yog cov hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus ntxiv xws li carbon, manganese, thiab silicon, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam steelmaking thiab casting.
●Cov Khoom Siv Aluminium:Cov no yog cov hlau ua los ntawm txhuas nrog cov ntsiab lus xws li tooj liab, magnesium, thiab zinc, uas paub tias yog lub teeb yuag, muaj zog, thiab muaj kev coj ua zoo heev thiab cov khoom siv thermal.
●Cov Tooj Liab Sib Xyaws:Cov no yog cov hlau ua los ntawm tooj liab nrog cov ntsiab lus ntxiv xws li zinc, tin, thiab lead, muab kev coj ua zoo, tiv taus corrosion, thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
●Cov hlau nplaum Magnesium:Cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj magnesium, feem ntau yog ua ke nrog txhuas, zinc, thiab manganese, yog cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke uas sib dua tshaj plaws nrog kev tiv taus kev poob siab thiab kev tso cua sov tawm zoo.
●Cov hlau nickel:Cov hlau nickel muaj cov ntsiab lus xws li chromium, hlau, thiab cobalt, thiab ua rau pom kev tiv taus corrosion thiab kev ua haujlwm kub siab.
● Cov Khoom Siv Titanium:Paub txog lawv lub zog siab, qhov ceev qis, thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, cov titanium-based alloys yog siv dav hauv kev siv aerospace.
Cov Hlau Sib Xyaws
Cov Khoom Siv thiab Cov Khoom ntawm Ferrous Alloys
Cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke yog ua los ntawm hlau nrog ntau yam khoom sib xyaw ua ke uas ua rau lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo dua. Cov khoom siv feem ntau suav nrog:
●Cov pa roj carbon:Ib qho ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon hauv cov hlau sib xyaw ua rau muaj qhov nyuaj thiab tawv. Cov hlau sib xyaw ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau muaj qhov nyuaj dua tab sis qhov tawv tsawg dua.
●Silicon:Silicon txhim kho lub zog thiab toughness ntawm ferrous alloys thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv silicon-iron alloys rau steelmaking ua tus deoxidizer thiab alloying agent.
●Manganese:Manganese yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom lub zog thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm cov hlau ferromanganese, thiab ferromanganese alloys yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev hnav tsis kam thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm hlau.
●Chromium:Cov hlau chromium-hlau muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev thiab lub zog kub siab, feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov hlau tsis xeb thiab cov hlau tshwj xeeb.
Cov Kev Siv ntawm Ferrous Alloys
Cov hlau alloys siv dav hauv ntau yam lag luam, suav nrog:
●Kev Lag Luam Hlau:Cov hlau sib xyaw yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov hlau, siv los hloov kho cov hlau sib xyaw thiab txhim kho nws cov khoom.
●Kev Lag Luam Casting:Hauv cov txheej txheem casting, ferrous alloys txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov khoom hlau cam khwb cia.
●Cov Khoom Siv Vuam:Cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov pas nrig vuam thiab cov flux kom ntseeg tau tias muaj cov pob qij txha vuam zoo.
●Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj thiab Chiv:Cov hlau sib xyaw ua haujlwm ua cov catalysts thiab txo cov neeg sawv cev hauv kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg thiab chiv.
●Kev Ua Hlau:Cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke yog siv rau hauv cov cuab yeej xws li cov cuab yeej txiav thiab pwm, ua kom lawv ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua.
Cov Khoom Siv Aluminium
Cov Yam Ntxwv Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Aluminium
Cov hlau txhuas muaj npe nrov rau lawv qhov sib dua, muaj zog heev, thiab yooj yim ua, ua rau lawv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb suav nrog:
● Nyhav Sib:Cov hlau txhuas muaj qhov ceev tsawg ntawm kwv yees li 2.7 g / cm³, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev txo qhov hnyav.
●Muaj Zog:Los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev kho cua sov, cov hlau txhuas tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog tensile siab, nrog rau qee cov hlau txhuas tshaj 500 MPa.
● Kev coj ua zoo heev:Txhuas ntshiab yog ib qho zoo heev uas coj hluav taws xob thiab cua sov, thiab cov hlau txhuas khaws cia ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no.
●Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Xeb:Ib txheej oxide ntuj tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau txhuas, muab kev tiv thaiv xeb zoo heev, thiab kev kho tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zoo li no ntxiv.
● Kev Yooj Yim Ua Haujlwm:Cov hlau alloys qhia tau tias muaj cov yas zoo, ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau kev casting, extrusion, thiab forging txheej txheem.
Cov Qib thiab Cov Kev Siv ntawm Aluminium Alloys
Cov hlau txhuas raug faib ua pawg raws li lawv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Qee qib uas siv ntau suav nrog:
●1xxx Series:Txhuas ntshiab, muaj ntau tshaj 99.00% txhuas, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv niaj hnub.
●2xxx Series:Tooj liab yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw, ua rau lub zog zoo dua tom qab kev kho cua sov, feem ntau siv rau hauv kev siv aerospace.
●3xxx Series:Manganese yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw, muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo, siv dav hauv kev tsim kho thiab cov ntaub ntawv qauv.
●4xxx Series:Silicon yog lub ntsiab alloying, muab kev tiv taus cua sov thiab cov khoom vuam zoo, tsim nyog rau cov ntaub ntawv vuam thiab cov khoom tiv taus cua sov.
●5xxx Series:Magnesium yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, muab cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo heev thiab tiv taus corrosion, siv rau hauv kev lag luam marine, automotive, thiab aerospace.
●6xxx Series:Magnesium thiab silicon yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, muab lub zog zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho.
●7xxx Series:Zinc yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, thiab cov alloys no muaj lub zog siab tshaj plaws, feem ntau siv rau hauv cov qauv dav hlau thiab cov ntawv thov muaj zog siab.
●8xxx Series:Muaj lwm yam khoom xws li hlau thiab nickel, muab lub zog zoo thiab kev coj ua hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog siv hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob.
Cov hlau txhuas siv rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, suav nrog:
●Aerospace:Cov hlau txhuas uas sib dua thiab muaj zog heev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov qauv dav hlau thiab cov khoom.
●Kev Thauj Mus Los:Cov hlau txhuas yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv tsheb thiab tsheb ciav hlau uas tsis hnyav, txhim kho kev siv roj.
●Kev Lag Luam Hluav Taws Xob:Aluminium yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov cables thiab transformers
●Kev Tsim Kho:Cov hlau txhuas siv dav hauv cov qauv vaj tse, cov thav qhov rai, cov qhov rooj, thiab cov ru tsev vim lawv lub zog, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab qhov zoo nkauj.
●Ntim khoom:Cov hlau txhuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntawv ci thiab cov kaus poom, yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam ntim khoom vim tias lawv tsis hnyav, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab rov ua dua tshiab tau yooj yim.
Cov Tooj Liab
Cov Khoom Sib Xyaws thiab Cov Khoom ntawm Cov Tooj Liab
Cov hlau tooj liab yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity zoo heev, tiv taus corrosion, thiab yooj yim tsim. Cov hlau tooj liab feem ntau muaj xws li:
●Tooj dag (Tooj liab-Zinc Alloy):Paub txog nws lub zog, ductility, thiab tiv taus corrosion, tooj dag feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev siv tshuab, plumbing, thiab cov twj paj nruag.
●Tooj liab (Tooj liab-Tin Alloy):Cov hlau no muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua, qhov nyuaj, thiab kev hnav tsis kam, feem ntau siv rau hauv cov bearings, bushings, thiab cov ntawv thov marine.
●Cov Tooj Liab-Nickel Alloys:Cov alloys no muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev hauv cov chaw marine, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim nkoj, cov platforms offshore, thiab cov nroj tsuag desalination.
● Tooj liab Beryllium:Nrog lub zog siab, qhov nyuaj, thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion, beryllium tooj liab feem ntau siv rau hauv cov twj paj nruag precision, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Cov Kev Siv Cov Tooj Liab
Cov hlau tooj liab pab ntau yam lag luam vim lawv muaj ntau yam thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb:
●Kev Lag Luam Hluav Taws Xob:Cov hlau tooj liab siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov xov hlau, thiab cov khoom vim lawv muaj kev coj hluav taws xob zoo heev.
●Kev Kho Dej thiab Kev Tswj Dej:Tooj dag thiab tooj dag feem ntau siv rau cov li qub, cov khoom siv, thiab lwm yam kev siv plumbing vim lawv tiv taus corrosion.
●Kev Lag Luam Hiav Txwv:Cov hlau tooj liab-nickel yog cov khoom siv rau kev siv hauv hiav txwv vim lawv txoj kev tiv taus zoo heev rau kev xeb ntawm dej hiav txwv.
● Kev Tsim Kho Kom Tseeb:Beryllium tooj liab yog siv rau hauv cov cuab yeej, cov khoom siv tsis muaj hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv precision vim nws lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev.
Cov Khoom Siv Magnesium
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Magnesium Alloys
Cov hlau magnesium yog cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke uas sib dua tshaj plaws, nrog rau qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog thiab qhov hnyav zoo heev, kev nqus tau qhov poob siab, thiab kev siv tshuab tau zoo. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb suav nrog:
● Nyhav Sib:Cov hlau magnesium sib dua 35% dua li txhuas thiab sib dua 78% dua li hlau, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv thov uas rhiab heev rau qhov hnyav.
●Kev Siv Tau Zoo:Cov hlau nplaum magnesium muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo heev, ua rau cov khoom nyuaj thiab meej ua tau zoo.
● Kev Nqus Tau Kev Poob Siab:Cov alloys no muaj cov khoom zoo nqus tau kev co, ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev siv tsheb thiab aerospace.
●Kev Tshem Tawm Kub:Cov hlau nplaum magnesium muab kev tso cua sov zoo, tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom kub siab.
Cov Kev Siv ntawm Magnesium Alloys
Vim lawv lub teeb yuag thiab lub zog, cov hlau magnesium siv rau hauv ntau yam lag luam:
●Kev Lag Luam Tsheb:Cov hlau nplaum magnesium yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv cav, cov tsev kis, thiab lub log kom txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb thiab txhim kho kev siv roj.
●Kev Lag Luam Dav Hlau:Cov hlau magnesium siv rau hauv cov khoom siv dav hlau thiab cov khoom siv aerospace qhov twg qhov hnyav txo qis yog qhov tseem ceeb.
●Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob:Cov hlau nplaum magnesium yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov laptops sib dua, cov koob yees duab, thiab cov xov tooj ntawm tes vim lawv lub zog thiab cov khoom siv cua sov.
●Cov Khoom Siv Kho Mob:Cov hlau nplaum magnesium yog siv rau hauv cov khoom cog bioresorbable thiab cov khoom siv orthopedic vim lawv cov biocompatibility.
Cov Khoom Siv Nickel
Cov Khoom ntawm Nickel Alloys
Cov hlau nickel yog cov khoom siv uas paub txog lawv txoj kev tiv taus xeb zoo heev, kev ruaj khov thaum kub siab, thiab lub zog kho tshuab. Feem ntau lawv yog cov hlau sib xyaw nrog chromium, hlau, thiab lwm yam khoom los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw kub heev. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb suav nrog:
●Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Xeb:Cov hlau nickel muaj kev tiv taus zoo heev rau kev oxidation thiab corrosion hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav, suav nrog dej hiav txwv thiab cov xwm txheej acidic.
●Lub zog kub siab:Cov hlau nickel tseem khaws lawv lub zog thaum kub siab, ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau kev siv hauv kev siv aerospace thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob.
●Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Hnav:Cov hlau nickel muaj kev tiv thaiv kev hnav zoo, uas yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev ruaj khov ntev.
Cov Kev Siv ntawm Nickel Alloys
Cov hlau nickel siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas nyuaj rau ntau qhov chaw sib txawv:
●Kev Lag Luam Dav Hlau:Cov superalloys ua los ntawm nickel yog siv rau hauv cov cav dav hlau, cov hniav turbine, thiab lwm yam khoom kub vim lawv tiv taus cua sov.
●Kev Ua Tshuaj:Cov hlau nickel yog siv rau hauv cov reactors, cov khoom hloov pauv cua sov, thiab cov kav dej uas qhov kev tiv taus corrosion thiab kub siab yog qhov tseem ceeb.
●Kev Tsim Hluav Taws Xob:Cov hlau nickel siv rau hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear thiab cov roj turbines vim lawv muaj peev xwm kub thiab tiv taus corrosion.
●Kev Lag Luam Hiav Txwv:Cov hlau nickel yog siv rau hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig hauv dej hiav txwv rau cov ntawv thov xws li cov twj tso kua mis, cov li qub, thiab cov khoom siv desalination hauv dej hiav txwv.
Cov Khoom Siv Titanium
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Titanium Alloys
Cov titanium alloys yog cov khoom sib xyaw uas tsis hnyav tab sis muaj zog, nrog rau kev tiv taus xeb zoo heev thiab kev ruaj khov thaum kub siab. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb suav nrog:
●Qhov Sib Piv Zog Rau Qhov Hnyav:Cov titanium alloys muaj zog npaum li hlau tab sis yuav luag sib dua 45%, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev siv hauv aerospace thiab kev siv ua haujlwm siab.
●Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Xeb:Titanium alloys muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau kev xeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv thiab cov chaw muaj tshuaj lom neeg.
●Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub cev:Cov titanium alloys yog biocompatible, ua rau lawv haum rau kev cog hniav thiab cov khoom siv kho mob.
●Kev Ruaj Ntseg Kub Siab:Titanium alloys tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias heev, tswj lawv lub zog thiab kev ncaj ncees hauv kev siv aerospace thiab kev lag luam.
Cov ntawv thov ntawm Titanium Alloys
Titanium alloys yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam uas muaj zog siab, sib dua, thiab tiv taus corrosion yog qhov tseem ceeb:
●Kev Lag Luam Dav Hlau:Cov hlau titanium yog siv rau hauv cov thav duab dav hlau, cov khoom siv cav, thiab cov iav tsaws vim lawv lub zog siab thiab txuag qhov hnyav.
●Cov Khoom Siv Kho Mob:Cov hlau titanium yog siv rau hauv cov pob txha orthopedic, cov hniav cog, thiab cov cuab yeej phais vim lawv cov biocompatibility thiab durability.
●Kev Lag Luam Hiav Txwv:Titanium alloys yog siv rau hauv cov khoom hauv qab dej hiav txwv, kev tsim nkoj, thiab kev khawb av hauv hiav txwv vim lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv corrosion.
● Kev Siv Hauv Kev Lag Luam:Titanium alloys yog siv rau hauv cov chaw ua tshuaj lom neeg, kev tsim hluav taws xob, thiab kev siv tsheb rau cov khoom uas xav tau lub zog thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion.
Xaus lus
Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no, muab cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog, qhov hnyav, kev tiv thaiv xeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev. Txij li ntawm aerospace mus rau automotive, kev tsim kho mus rau cov khoom siv kho mob, qhov ua tau ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua rau lawv tsis tseem ceeb rau ntau daim ntawv thov. Txawm hais tias nws yog lub zog siab ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke, lossis qhov tiv thaiv xeb ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke nickel thiab titanium, cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke tau tsim los ua kom tau raws li ntau yam kev xav tau ntawm lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no uas muaj kev siv tshuab siab heev.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-17-2024