ASTM A691 9Cr CL22 EFW Cov Yeeb Nkab Hlau rau Lub Hoobkas Fais Fab thiab Kev Pabcuam Kub Siab: Cov Lus Qhia, PWHT Cov Teeb Meem thiab Cov Ntawv Thov

Kev Piav Qhia Luv:

Womic Steeltsim cov yeeb nkab hlau ASTM A691 9Cr CL22 hluav taws xob-fusion-welded (EFW) rau qhov kev pabcuam kub thiab siab tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab cov nroj tsuag petrochemical. Qib 9Cr (8–10% chromium, 0.9–1.1% molybdenum) yog los ntawm ASTM A387 Gr.9 lub phaj siab thiab zaum ntawm qhov kawg ntawm chrome-moly ua ntej hloov kho 9Cr-1Mo-V (Qib 91) alloys. Chav Kawm 22 ua ke kev txo kev ntxhov siab tom qab vuam, kev kuaj xyuas radiographic ntawm cov leeg ntev, thiab kev sim hydrostatic. Dab tsi ua rau 9Cr sib txawv ntawm cov qib chrome-moly qis dua tsis yog nws cov tshuaj lom neeg xwb - nws yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev vuam thiab kho cua sov kom raug. Nplooj ntawv no npog qhov qib txhais li cas, vim li cas PWHT tswj hwm tseem ceeb dua ntawm no dua li 2.25Cr lossis 5Cr, thiab dab tsi los xyuas thaum xaj khoom.

Cov lus tseem ceeb uas siv rau hauv nplooj ntawv no: ASTM A691 9Cr CL22, A691 9Cr yeeb nkab, 9Cr EFW yeeb nkab, chrome moly EFW yeeb nkab, A387 Gr.9 welded yeeb nkab, kub siab EFW yeeb nkab, ASTM A691 Chav Kawm 22, 9Cr PWHT, 9Cr vs 5Cr, 9Cr vs 91.

Xa email rau peb Cov Lus Qhia Txog Khoom

Cov Khoom Qhia Txog Khoom

Cov Cim Npe Khoom

ASTM A691 9Cr CL22 Txhais Li Cas

ASTM A691 npog cov yeeb nkab carbon thiab alloy steel, electric-fusion-welded nrog filler hlau ntxiv, ua los ntawm lub phaj siab-zoo, tsim nyog rau kev pabcuam siab ntawm qhov kub siab. Lub npe faib ua peb ntu.

Qib 9Crqhia txog lub phaj puag. Qib no sib raug rau ASTM A387 Gr.9, lub phaj hlau chromium-molybdenum alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus chromium nominal ntawm 8-10% thiab cov ntsiab lus molybdenum ntawm 0.9-1.1%. Cov ntsiab lus chromium siab muab kev tiv thaiv oxidation thiab lub zog kub siab uas tshaj qhov 2.25Cr thiab 5Cr tuaj yeem xa tuaj. Cov ntsiab lus carbon tsuas yog txwv rau 0.15% max, thiab vanadium yuav muaj nyob rau ntawm txog li 0.04%.

Chav Kawm 22txhais cov kev kho cua sov thiab kev sim. Chav Kawm 22 xav kom cov yeeb nkab raug txo kev ntxhov siab tom qab vuam, qhov txuas txuas ntev yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas radiographically, thiab cov yeeb nkab tiav lawm yuav tsum tau kuaj hydrostatic. Rau 9Cr yeeb nkab, kev kho kev ntxhov siab tsis yog ib kauj ruam niaj hnub - nws yog qhov tsim nyog metallurgical uas txiav txim siab seb cov yeeb nkab tiav lawm puas yuav muaj kev ruaj khov txaus hauv kev pabcuam.

EFWqhia txog txoj kev tsim khoom: cov hlau alloy phaj yog tsim rau hauv cov duab cylindrical, thiab cov kab sib txuas ntev yog welded siv submerged arc vuam nrog cov hlau ntxiv.

Cov Khoom Siv Tshuaj thiab Khoom Siv Kho Tshuab

Vim tias 9Cr khi rau A387 Gr.9 phaj, cov yeeb nkab tiav lawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub zog ua raws li tus qauv phaj ntawd.

Vaj tse	Tus nqi ib txwm muaj
Cov pa roj carbon (siab tshaj plaws)	0.15%
Manganese	0.30–0.60%
Phosphorus (max)	0.025%
Sulfur (max)	0.025%
Silicon (siab tshaj plaws)	1.00%
Chromium	8.00–10.00%
Molybdenum	0.90–1.10%
Vanadium (max)	0.04%
Lub zog tensile	500–600 MPa (ib txwm muaj rau A387 Gr.9)
Lub Zog Tawm (ib txwm)	230–350 MPa

Cov nqi chemistry saum toj no yog los ntawm A387 Gr.9 phaj cov ntaub ntawv. Cov nqi khoom siv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov xwm txheej kho cua sov. Cov txiaj ntsig xeem tiag tiag ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj zeb qhia txog qhov kub tshwj xeeb thiab phaj siv.

Kev Sib Piv Qib: 5Cr vs 9Cr vs 91

Qhov kev nce qib chrome-moly ncav cuag qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm 9Cr. Lub rooj hauv qab no qhia tias vim li cas 9Cr thiaj li teev tseg ntau dua 5Cr, thiab qhov twg Qib 91 hloov kho pib siv.

Qib	Phaj Pib	Cov Ntsiab Lus Cr	Cov Ntsiab Lus Mo	Qhov Txawv Txawv Tseem Ceeb
5Cr	A387 Qib 5	4.00–6.00%	0.45–0.65%	Kev tiv thaiv sulfidation ntawm lub chaw ua roj refinery
9Cr	A387 Qib 9	8.00–10.00%	0.90–1.10%	Kev tiv thaiv oxidation siab dua, kev pabcuam fais fab nroj tsuag
91	A387 Qib 91	8.00–9.50%	0.85–1.05%	Hloov kho nrog V + Nb, lub zog nkag siab zoo dua

Qib 9Cr-1Mo yooj yim (A387 Gr.9) tau tsim ua ntej qib 9Cr-1Mo-V hloov kho (Qib 91). Kev ntxiv vanadium thiab niobium rau hauv 9Cr cov khoom hauv Qib 91 txhim kho lub zog nkag mus ntev, ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv nyiam rau cov kav dej fais fab supercritical niaj hnub. Rau A691 9Cr yeeb nkab, lub phaj hauv paus yog A387 Gr.9, tsis yog Gr.91. Yog tias qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov project hu rau cov khoom Qib 91, paub meej tias qib phaj yog Gr.91 thiab seb qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov yeeb nkab yog A691 Qib 91 es tsis yog 9Cr.

Qhov Teeb Meem Tseem Ceeb: PWHT rau 9Cr Yeeb Nkab

Rau cov yeeb nkab 2.25Cr thiab 5Cr, kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam yog qhov tseem ceeb. Rau cov yeeb nkab 9Cr, nws yog ib kauj ruam nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, thiab ua tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau cov yeeb nkab puas tsuaj.

9Cr-1Mo hlau hloov mus ua martensite thaum txias los ntawm qhov kub vuam. Cov qauv microstructure as-welded yog tawv thiab brittle, thiab thaj chaw kub-cuam tshuam muaj cov martensite untempered uas yooj yim rau tawg. PWHT ua haujlwm ob lub hom phiaj: tempering lub martensite kom rov qab muaj zog, thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab seem los ntawm kev vuam.

Kev tshawb fawb txog 9Cr-1Mo weld hlau tau qhia tias qhov kub thiab txias PWHT tuav muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev rov qab ua kom tawv, ntau dua li kev tuav lub sijhawm hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Hauv ib txoj kev tshawb fawb, cov nqi cuam tshuam tseem nyob ib puag ncig 20 J ntawm qhov kub PWHT ntawm 997 K (724 ° C), tom qab ntawd rov qab zoo li qub thaum qhov kub mus txog 1000 K (727 ° C) thiab siab dua. Qhov no txhais tau tias qhov kub PWHT yuav tsum tau tswj hwm hauv lub qhov rais nqaim - qis dhau thiab cov hlau weld tseem brittle; siab dhau thiab cov khoom siv hlau hauv paus yuav poob qis.

Rau A691 9Cr CL22 yeeb nkab, daim ntawv qhia PWHT tsis yog daim ntawv ua raws cai. Nws yog cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas kom paub tseeb tias tag nrho cov vuam seam thiab thaj chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm cua sov tau mus txog qhov kub thiab txias uas tau teev tseg thiab tau tuav rau ntawd rau lub sijhawm xav tau. Daim ntawv qhia yuav tsum qhia qhov chaw thermocouple, cua sov thiab txias, tuav kub, thiab tuav lub sijhawm.

Qhov Loj thiab Kev Xaiv Tsim Khoom

Womic tsim cov yeeb nkab A691 9Cr CL22 siv LSAW nrog ib txoj kab ncaj lossis ob txoj kab ncaj. ASTM A691 nominally npog cov yeeb nkab 16 nti (400 mm) sab nraud txoj kab uas hla thiab loj dua nrog phab ntsa tuab txog li 3 nti (75 mm).

Cov Qauv	Ntau yam
Sab Nraud Txoj Kab uas hla	16″ txog 100″ (400 mm txog 2,540 mm)
Phab ntsa tuab	6 hli mus txog 75 hli (hnyav dua raws li qhov thov)
Ntev	6 m, 12 m tus qauv; txog li 18 m lossis 24 m yog tias thov
Txoj Kev Tsim Khoom	EFW / LSAW nrog cov hlau sau
Hom Seam	Ib txoj kab ncaj nraim los yog ob txoj kab ncaj nraim

Ib Txoj Kab Ncaj vs Ob Txoj Kab Ncaj

Ib txoj kab ncaj nraimsiv thaum ib lub phaj tuaj yeem dov mus rau hauv lub tog raj kheej puv. Ntawm Womic qhov no npog OD txog li 1,422 hli nrog phab ntsa tuab txog li 50.8 hli ntawm kab JCOE. Ib qho vuam ntev concentrates PWHT thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ib qho seam.

Ob chav ncaj seamsiv thaum txoj kab uas hla lossis phab ntsa tuab tshaj qhov uas ib lub phaj tuaj yeem tsim tau. Ob lub phaj raug dov ua ib nrab-lub tog raj kheej thiab txhua lub yog welded longitudinally. Qhov no npog OD txij li ntawm 1,200 hli txog 2,540 hli nrog phab ntsa tuab txog li 75 hli lossis ntau dua. Qhov kev pauv pauv yog ob lub vuam seams xav tau PWHT thiab RT, tab sis nws ua rau cov yeeb nkab loj 9Cr uas ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem tsim tau.

Cov ntawv thov rau A691 9Cr CL22 Yeeb Nkab

Qib 9Cr yog teev tseg qhov twg kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, siab siab, thiab kev tiv thaiv oxidation ntau dua li qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov qib chrome-moly qis dua.

Lub zog fais fab loj thiab cov kav dej kub rov ua kom sovnyob rau hauv cov chav supercritical thiab ultra-supercritical, qhov twg qhov kub ntawm cov pa kub tshaj qhov ntau ntawm 2.25Cr thiab 5Cr

Cov taub hau hlau lojqhov twg cov yeeb nkab 9Cr tsis muaj qhov tsis sib xws saum NPS 24 tsis yooj yim lossis tsis muaj

Cov kav dej ua haujlwm kub siabhauv cov chaw tsim khoom siv roj av uas tswj cov kwj deg ntawm qhov kub uas 5Cr yuav oxidize sai dhau

Cov dej khib nyiab reactor thiab cov kab hloov pauv siabhauv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb refining

Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txog Qhov Project

Cov Kav Dej Ua Kom Sov Dua Rau Lub Hoobkas Fais Fab (Tuam Tshoj, 2011)

Ib qhov project fais fab hauv Suav teb tau siv cov yeeb nkab ASTM A691 1CR CL22 thiab 2.25Cr CL22 LSAW rau kev rov ua kom cov kav dej txias, hauv OD ntau ntawm 610–1219 hli thiab phab ntsa tuab ntawm 9.52–42 hli. Thaum qhov project tshwj xeeb no siv cov qib chrome-moly qis dua, tib txoj kev tsim khoom EFW siv rau 9Cr yeeb nkab. Qhov project lees paub qhov kev lees txais ntawm A691 CL22 LSAW yeeb nkab hauv cov ntawv thov kav dej fais fab hauv Suav teb qhov twg tag nrho RT thiab PWHT yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Kev Pabcuam Kub Siab rau Chaw Ua Roj thiab Chaw Tsim Hluav Taws Xob

9Cr yeeb nkab tau raug teev tseg ntau ntxiv rau kev pabcuam fais fab nroj tsuag thaum qhov kub ua haujlwm nce siab. Rau cov haujlwm uas qhov kub tsim qauv tshaj qhov txwv ntawm 5Cr, A691 9Cr CL22 muab lwm txoj hauv kev loj EFW rau cov yeeb nkab 9Cr seamless, uas feem ntau tsis muaj nyob rau hauv qhov xav tau txoj kab uas hla lossis phab ntsa tuab.

Cov Ntaub Ntawv Zoo

Txhua qhov kev xa khoom ntawm A691 9Cr CL22 yeeb nkab los ntawm Womic Steel muaj xws li:

● Daim ntawv pov thawj xeem EN 10204 3.1 nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem kho tshuab uas taug qab mus rau tus lej cua sov ntawm lub phaj

● Daim ntawv qhia txog kev kuaj mob radiographic rau qhov txuas weld

● Cov ntaub ntawv xeem hydrostatic

● Daim ntawv qhia txog kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam nrog qhov chaw thermocouple, qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm tuav, thiab txoj kev txias

● Daim ntawv qhia txog kev soj ntsuam qhov ntev

● Kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm lwm tus neeg muaj thaum thov (SGS, BV, TÜV)

Ntim thiab Xa Khoom

Cov kav dej muaj cov qhov kawg uas muaj cov hau yas los yog cov qhov kawg tiaj tiaj raws li tau teev tseg. Cov nplaim ntawm cov kav dej tau txais ib txheej tiv thaiv uas tsim nyog rau kev thauj mus los thiab kev khaws cia. Cov kav dej me thiab nruab nrab muaj cov hlua hlau; cov kav dej loj thiab cov kav dej phab ntsa hnyav raug xa ib leeg nrog lub thawv ntoo. Kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej xa khoom los ntawm lwm tus neeg tuaj yeem npaj tau.

Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau

Q: Qhov txawv ntawm 9Cr thiab 5Cr hauv ASTM A691 yog dab tsi?

9Cr siv A387 Gr.9 phaj nrog 8.00–10.00% chromium, thaum 5Cr siv A387 Gr.5 phaj nrog 4.00–6.00% chromium. Cov chromium ntau dua ntawm 9Cr muab kev tiv thaiv oxidation zoo dua thiab lub zog kub siab dua. 9Cr raug xaiv rau cov kav dej fais fab thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam qhov twg qhov kub tshaj qhov ua tau ntawm 5Cr, feem ntau siab dua 550–600 ° C nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim.

Q: Vim li cas PWHT thiaj tseem ceeb dua rau 9Cr dua li rau 2.25Cr?

9Cr-1Mo hlau tsim cov martensite hauv qhov vuam thiab thaj chaw kub-cuam tshuam thaum txias. Cov martensite as-welded yog tawv thiab brittle, thiab PWHT yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom nws tempered thiab rov qab toughness. Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias 9Cr weld hlau toughness rov qab yog rhiab heev rau PWHT tuav kub-qis dhau thiab qhov vuam tseem brittle, yog li qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau tswj kom meej. Rau 2.25Cr, cov as-welded microstructure yog ntau dua zam txim thiab PWHT tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam metallurgical.

Q: Chav Kawm 22 txhais li cas rau A691 9Cr yeeb nkab?

Chav Kawm 22 txhais tau tias cov yeeb nkab raug kev ntxhov siab tom qab vuam, qhov txuas txuas ntev tau txais kev kuaj xyuas radiographic, thiab cov yeeb nkab tiav lawm raug kuaj hydrostatically. Rau 9Cr yeeb nkab, qhov kev cuam tshuam kev ntxhov siab yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab daim ntawv qhia PWHT yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ua ib feem ntawm pob ntawv pov thawj kom paub tseeb tias qhov kub thiab txias tau teev tseg thoob plaws tag nrho cov txuas txuas.

Q: Puas yog A691 9Cr zoo ib yam li Qib 91?

No. A691 9Cr siv A387 Gr.9 phaj, uas yog cov khoom sib xyaw 9Cr-1Mo yooj yim yam tsis muaj kev ntxiv vanadium thiab niobium rau kev txhim kho lub zog nkag. Qib 91 (A387 Gr.91) yog cov hlau 9Cr-1Mo-V hloov kho nrog cov khoom nkag mus ntev. Yog tias qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov project hu rau Qib 91 cov khoom, paub meej tias qib phaj thiab qib A691 ua ntej xaj.

Q: Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws rau A691 9Cr yog dab tsi?

Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim thiab daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. 9Cr-1Mo hlau feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov kav dej fais fab ntawm qhov kub hlau txog li 600 ° C, dhau qhov ntawd cov qib hloov kho 91 lossis cov hlau siab dua yuav tsum tau rau lub zog nkag txaus. Saib cov qauv tsim siv tau rau lub hauv paus kev ntxhov siab tso cai ntawm qhov kub pabcuam xav tau.

Q: Koj puas tuaj yeem muab A691 9Cr nrog kev sim cuam tshuam?

Yog. Kev kuaj qhov cuam tshuam Charpy V-notch yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntxiv raws li ASTM A691. Qhia meej qhov kub thiab txias ntawm kev kuaj, kev taw qhia ntawm cov qauv, thiab cov qauv lees txais hauv daim ntawv xaj yuav khoom. Rau 9Cr yeeb nkab, kev kuaj qhov cuam tshuam yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev txheeb xyuas tias PWHT tau rov qab kho cov hlau vuam kom zoo.

Tiv tauj Womic Steelrau ASTM A691 9Cr CL22 EFW cov lus hais txog cov yeeb nkab. Muab qhov ntev ntawm sab nraud, phab ntsa tuab, qhov ntau, qhov ntev, qhov kawg tiav, PWHT cov kev cai, thiab lwm yam kev kuaj ntxiv. Peb yuav paub meej tias muaj thiab lub sijhawm ua tiav hauv ib hnub ua haujlwm.

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