SA-213 T91 / UNS N08028 (Alloy 28) Seamless Metallurgical Clad Pipe | Creep Resistant Core + High Alloy Cladding rau Kev Pabcuam Kub thiab Acidic - Womic Steel

Kev Piav Qhia Luv:

Cov yeeb nkab uas tsis muaj qhov sib txuas ua ke nrog hlau - lub hauv paus SA 213 T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1 / 1.4903) nrog rau sab hauv ntawm UNS N08028 (Alloy 28 / 1.4563). Tsim los ntawm kev kub extrusion, txias tiav, kho cua sov, thiab pickled. Tsim rau ultra-supercritical boiler superheaters, cov chav rov qab cua sov pov tseg hauv cov nroj tsuag acid, biomass boilers nrog chlorine siab, thiab cov tshuaj kub siab hloov pauv cua sov qhov twg ob qho tib si creep zog thiab corrosion tsis kam yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Xa email rau peb Cov Lus Qhia Txog Khoom

Cov Khoom Qhia Txog Khoom

Cov Cim Npe Khoom

Cov Khoom Siv Tseem Ceeb (Tom Qab)

Cov Khoom Siv Tseem Ceeb (Tom Qab):SA-213 T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1 / 1.4903) - hlau martensitic uas tiv taus kev nkag mus, 9% Cr, 1% Mo, V+Nb; qhov kub siab tshaj plaws rau kev pabcuam 650°C

Cladding (CRA liner):UNS N08028 (Alloy 28 / 1.4563) - austenitic high alloy (27% Cr, 31% Ni, 3.5% Mo, 1% Cu); PREN 38-40; tiv taus sulfuric/phosphoric acid, chlorides siab, qhov chaw qaub.

Qhov Loj Ntau:OD 38 – 168 hli; Phab ntsa tuab 4 – 15 hli; Cladding tuab 2.0 – 3.5 hli; ib qho ntev txog li 15 m

Txheej Txheem:Kub extrusion → txias tiav → cua sov kho (normalizing + tempering rau T91, kua annealing rau Alloy 28) → pickling. Tag nrho seamless, tsis muaj longitudinal weld. Metallurgical bond shear zog ≥300 MPa.

Cov Qauv:ASME Tshooj II Tshooj A (SA-213/SA-213M), EN10216-2 (rau T91), ASTM SB-668 (N08028), EN10088-3 (1.4563), EN12952-2, ASTM E213, ISO 10893-10.

Kev Ntsuas:100% hydrostatic, ultrasonic ib ASTM E213/ISO 10893-10, tensile (chav & siab kub), hardness, flattening, ntxiv rau kev xaiv intergranular corrosion test (ASTM A262 Practice E) rau cladding. EN 10204 Hom 3.1 daim ntawv pov thawj (Hom 3.2 xaiv tau).

Cov ntawv thov:Cov tshuab ua kom sov / rov ua kom sov dua (650°C), cov tshuab ua kom sov pov tseg hauv cov nroj tsuag sulfuric acid, biomass/cov tshuab ua kom sov pov tseg (xeb chlorine), cov tshuab hloov pauv cua sov kub rau cov hydrocarbons chlorinated, cov tshuab ua kom sov refinery nrog cov sulfur / chloride pub ntau.

Womic Steelmuab cov yeeb nkab T91 + Alloy 28 clad - qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib xyaw ua ke kub siab thiab xeb hnyav. Tau ua pov thawj hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob, cov nroj tsuag kua qaub, thiab cov khib nyiab-rau-lub zog siab heev. Kev taug qab tag nrho, kev tshuaj xyuas sab nraud npaj txhij. Tiv tauj peb rau cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab thiab cov lus hais tshwj xeeb rau qhov project.

1. Vim li cas thiaj xaiv SA-213 T91 + UNS N08028 (Alloy 28) Clad Pipe?

1.1 Qhov Kev Sib Tw

Ob yam khoom siv sib cais tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm hnyav:

● T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1)muaj lub zog tawg zoo heev txog li 650 ° C thiab tiv taus oxidation zoo, tab sis nws txoj kev tiv taus corrosion hauv acidic, high-chloride, lossis qaub ib puag ncig yog txwv. Cov pa roj flue condensate (sulfuric/phosphoric acid) lossis cov chlorides sab txheej txheem sai sai tawm tsam T91.

●Khoom Alloy Khoom 28 (UNS N08028)muab kev tiv taus zoo heev rau sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chlorides siab, thiab kev tawg ntawm kev ntxhov siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kim heev thiab tsis muaj lub zog nkag mus rau hauv boiler uas xav tau rau kev siv siab thiab kub.

1.2 Kev daws teeb meem

●T91 + Alloy 28 clad yeeb nkabkoom ua ke ib lub plawv T91 tuab (ua kom lub siab thiab kev nkag mus) nrog ib txheej nyias (2-3.5 hli) sab hauv ntawm Alloy 28 (ua kom xeb). Qhov sib txuas yog hlau - tsis muaj kev tawg ntawm lub liner, tsis muaj kev xeb tawg. Qhov tshwm sim:

●T91 tub ntxhaisua kom ua raws li ASME Tshooj I / EN12952 rau qhov kub ntawm hlau txog li 650 ° C.

● Alloy 28 claddingtiv taus sulfuric acid condensation, high chlorides, thiab organic acids, tiv thaiv lub raj los ntawm sab hauv.

●Tus nqiyog 40-60% qis dua li cov khoom Alloy 28 raj ntawm qhov ntsuas siab sib npaug.

Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no siv dav hauv:

●Cov ntu kawg ntawm lub tshuab ua kom sov / rov ua kom sovntawm cov boilers ultra-supercritical thee-fired qhov twg flue gas sab corrosion (vim yog cov thee sulfur siab) tawm tsam ib txwm siv T91 ib leeg.

●Cov boiler rov qab siv cua sov pov tseg (WHRB)qis dua ntawm cov nroj tsuag sulfuric acid - cov roj muaj SO₃, thiab thaum lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm, cov kua qaub yuav sib sau ua ke rau ntawm cov nplaim raj.

●Cov boiler biomass / pov tseg ua zog- cov tshuaj chlorine ntau hauv cov roj ua rau muaj kev xeb hnyav; Alloy 28 cladding ntawm sab hluav taws (lossis sab hauv, nyob ntawm qhov layout) txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm lub raj.

●Cov khoom siv hloov pauv kub siabrau cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj cov hydrocarbons chlorinated lossis cov kua qaub kub.

1.3 Txoj Kev Tsim Khoom

Kev rho tawm kub + kev ua tiav txias + kev kho cua sov + kev pickling. Cov txheej txheem no ua kom lub raj xa dej tsis muaj qhov sib txuas ntev, qhov chaw ua tsis tiav feem ntau hauv cov yeeb nkab welded clad nyob rau hauv thermal qaug zog.

2. Cov Khoom Siv - T91 Core & Alloy 28 Cladding

2.1 Cov Tshuaj Lom Zem (% los ntawm pawg)

Khoom	SA 213 T91 (Core)	UNS N08028 (Alloy 28 / Cladding)
Cov pa roj carbon (C)	0.08 – 0.12	≤0.03
Silicon (Si)	0.20 – 0.50	≤0.50
Manganese (Mn)	0.30 – 0.60	≤2.00
Phosphorus (P)	≤0.020	≤0.030
Sulfur (S)	≤0.010	≤0.015
Chromium (Cr)	8.0 – 9.5	26.0 – 28.0
Molybdenum (Mo)	0.85 – 1.05	3.0 – 4.0
Nickel (Ni)	≤0.40	29.0 – 32.0
Tooj liab (Cu)	—	0.6 – 1.4
Vanadium (V)	0.18 – 0.25	—
Niobium (Nb)	0.06 – 0.10	—
Nitrogen (N)	0.03 – 0.07	—
Hlau (Fe)	Qhov Nyiaj Tshuav	Qhov Nyiaj Tshuav

T91 yog hlau martensitic uas tiv taus cov kab mob; Alloy 28 yog cov hlau austenitic siab uas muaj Cr, Ni, Mo, thiab Cu siab - muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau kev txo thiab oxidizing acids, chloride pitting, thiab SSC.

2.2 Cov Khoom Siv Kho Tshuab (Chav Kub)

Vaj tse	T91 Core	Alloy 28 Cladding
Lub Zog Tawm (min, MPa)	415	220
Lub zog tensile (min, MPa)	585	500
Kev ntev (min,%)	20	30
Qhov nyuaj (siab tshaj plaws)	250 HB	230 HB

2.3 Lub zog siab kub (T91 Core)

Kub (°C)	100,000h Lub zog tawg (MPa)	0.2% Kev Txwv Nkag (MPa)
550	150	120
580	120	95
600	100	80
620	80	60
650	55	40

Alloy 28 tsis yog rau kev thauj khoom ntawm qhov kub siab; nws lub luag haujlwm yog kev tiv thaiv xeb xwb. Lub plawv T91 nqa lub nra hnyav.

2.4 Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Sib Tsoo ntawm Alloy 28 Cladding

Ib puag ncig	Qib Kev Tiv Thaiv
Sulfuric acid (0-80% concentration, txog li 80 ° C)	Zoo heev
Phosphoric acid (txhua qhov concentration)	Zoo heev
Hydrochloric acid (dilute, chav sov)	Zoo
Cov tshuaj chlorides (pitting / crevice)	PREN 38-40; qhov kub tseem ceeb ntawm qhov pitting (CPT) ~ 50 ° C
H₂S + CO₂ + chlorides (kev pabcuam qaub)	Zoo heev; ua raws li NACE MR0175
Cov organic acids (acetic, formic, thiab lwm yam)	Zoo heev

* Alloy 28 ua tau zoo dua 316L, 904L, thiab txawm tias 254SMO hauv ntau cov kua qaub + chloride ua ke.*

2.5 Kev Sib Txuas Lus

Vaj tse	Tus nqi
Hom ntawv cog lus	Metallurgical (diffusion)
Lub zog txiav (thawb tawm)	≥300 MPa (ua kom tsis muaj kev tawg thaum lub sijhawm thermal cycling)
Qhov txwv tsis pub muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm UT	Tsis muaj kev sib cais > 50 hli; tag nrho kev sib cais <2% ntawm thaj chaw sib txuas

2.6 Qhov Ntev ntawm Qhov Ntev

OD (hli)	Qhov hnyav ntawm lub hauv paus (hli)	Qhov hnyav ntawm daim ntaub thaiv (hli)	Qhov Ntev Tshaj Plaws (m)
38.1	4.0 – 8.0	2.0 – 2.5	15
44.5	5.0 – 8.0	2.0 – 2.8	15
51.0	5.0 – 10.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
63.5	5.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
76.2	6.0 – 12.0	2.2 – 3.0	15
88.9	6.0 – 12.0	2.5 – 3.2	15
101.6	6.0 – 12.0	2.5 – 3.5	15
114.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.5 – 3.5	12
141.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.5 – 3.5	12
168.3	10.0 – 15.0	3.0 – 3.5	12

*Ua tau OD loj dua (txog li 500 hli) los ntawm kev sib txuas kub + JCOE; tiv tauj kom paub seb puas muaj.*

3. Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom - Kub Extrusion, Txias Finishing, Kub Kho, Pickling

Txoj kev tsim khoom tshwj xeeb hais txog cov kev xav tau kev kho cua sov sib txawv ntawm martensitic T91 thiab austenitic Alloy 28.

Kauj Ruam	Kev piav qhia	Cov Ntsiab Lus Tswj
1. Cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke	T91 billet bored, Alloy 28 raj ntxig. Lub tshuab nqus tsev kaw (<10 Pa).	Kev huv ntawm qhov chaw; concentricity
2. Kub extrusion	1180-1220 ° C, qhov txo qis ≥8: 1.	Kub, ceev, lubrication
3. Cua txias	Tom qab extrusion, lub raj cua txias (martensitic transformation pib).	Tus nqi txias
4. Txias tiav	Kev kos duab txias / kev sib dhos mus rau qhov kawg.	Ntau zaus dhau, nruab nrab anneal (mos Alloy 28).
5. Kev kho cua sov (qhov tseem ceeb)	Ua kom zoo li qub ntawm 1040-1060 ° C (cua txias lossis ua kom txias sai) + tempering ntawm 760-780 ° C. Qhov no ua tiav qhov kawg T91 microstructure (tempered martensite). Tib lub sijhawm, Alloy 28 cladding yog cov kua annealed.	Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog lub cub tawg, kev sim qhov nyuaj
6. Kev muab kua txob	HNO₃+HF da dej tshem tawm cov nplai oxide ntawm ob qho tib si T91 thiab Alloy 28.	Lub sijhawm, qhov kub thiab txias, qhov concentration ntawm cov kua qaub
7. Ncaj thiab txiav	Raws li qhov ntev kawg.	Kev Ncaj Ncees ≤1.5mm / m
8. NDT & hydro	Ib Ntu 4	Kev taug qab tag nrho
9. Xaus tiav	Bevel / tiaj tus; xaiv tau buttering (Alloy 625 lossis Alloy 28 filler ntawm lub ntsej muag bevel).	Qhov ntev

Tus cwj pwm zoo tseem ceeb:Kev kho cua sov tsim tau lub T91 core nrog lub zog nkag mus zoo thiab Alloy 28 cladding nrog kev tiv thaiv corrosion tag nrho, tag nrho hauv ib lub voj voog.

4. Kev Tshuaj Xyuas & Kev Ntsuas - Ua Tau Raws Li ASME, EN, thiab Cov Kev Xav Tau ntawm Cov Neeg Siv Khoom

Rau T91 + Alloy 28 clad yeeb nkab, peb siv ib qho kev pab cuam nruj, suav nrog kev sim tshwj xeeb uas haum rau kev pabcuam kub siab.

Kev Ntsuas	Tus Qauv	Scope	Kev lees txais
Kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj lom neeg	OES	Txhua qhov cua sov (core & cladding)	ASME SA-213 T91, ASTM SB-668
Ultrasonic (ntev thiab sib txuas)	ASTM E213 + ISO 10893-10	100%	Tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo uas tsis lees paub, kev sib raug zoo ntawm daim ntawv cog lus
Kev sim hydrostatic	ASME SA-450 / EN12952-2	Txhua lub raj	Tsis muaj qhov xau, nthuav dav mus tas li OK
Tensile (chav tsev kub)	ASME / EN	Ib qho cua sov (core)	T91: YS≥415 MPa, TS≥585 MPa
Kub siab tensile	600 ° C (xaiv tau)	Ib qho cua sov	Yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm (tsis yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus spec)
Kev sim tawg ntawm qhov nkag	600°C los yog 650°C	Ib qho kev thov	Xaiv tau; them nyias
Hardness (core & cladding)	HV10	Pawg	T91 ≤250 HV; Hlau 28 ≤230 HV
Kev sim ua kom tiaj tus	SA 450	Ib qho cua sov / qhov loj	Tsis muaj qhov tawg ntawm 2/3 OD compression
Kev xeb ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw	ASTM A262 Xyaum E (ntawm Alloy 28)	Ib pawg (xaiv tau)	Tsis muaj kev tawm tsam intergranular
PMI (XRF)	Kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom zoo	Txhua lub raj (xaiv tau)	Paub meej tias qib alloy

Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj:EN 10204 Hom 3.1. Hom 3.2 nrog tus neeg tshuaj xyuas thib peb (SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV thiab lwm yam) muaj.

5. Cov Ntawv Thov Hauv Kev Nthuav Dav

5.1 Lub Boiler Supercritical Kawg Superheater / Reheater

Teeb meem:Cov pa roj uas muaj sulfur ntau muaj SO₃ uas, thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom tsawg lossis pib ua haujlwm, condenses ua sulfuric acid rau ntawm cov nplaim raj. Tus qauv T91 raug kev txom nyem pitting thiab pov tseg.
Kev daws teeb meem:T91 + Alloy 28 clad yeeb nkab nrog Alloy 28 ntawm sab hluav taws (lossis sab hauv yog tias ob-dhau). Lub hauv paus T91 tswj tau lub zog nkag ntawm 600-620 ° C; Alloy 28 tiv taus kev tawm tsam acid. Ntau lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb thiab European tau txais yuav qhov kev tsim no.

5.2 Lub Boiler Rov Qab Kub Pov Tseg Hauv Cov Nroj Tsuag Sulfuric Acid

Txheej Txheem:Cov pa roj kub (600°C, muaj SO₂, SO₃) nkag mus rau hauv lub boiler cua sov pov tseg kom tsim cov pa dej. Thaum lub sijhawm kaw, SO₃ sib xyaw nrog cov dej noo los ua cov kua qaub sulfuric concentrated, uas ua rau cov raj txias sib sau ua ke.
Kev daws teeb meem:Cov hlau nplaum 28 cladding ntawm sab roj (OD) lossis ID nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim. T91 muab qhov tsim nyog tiv taus creep. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no tam sim no yog tus qauv hauv ntau lub Hoobkas sulfuric acid tshiab.

5.3 Cov Boilers Biomass / Cov Khib Nyhiab Ua Hluav Taws Xob

Kev Sib Tw:Cov biomass (xws li cov quav ciab, cov ntoo me me, cov roj pov tseg) muaj cov tshuaj chlorine (KCl, NaCl). Thaum kub txog 500-600°C, cov pa roj chlorine thiab cov tshuaj chloride ua rau cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke lwj heev, ua rau cov hlau chloride thiab cov hlau poob sai heev.
Kev daws teeb meem:Cov hlau nplaum 28 cladding (siab Ni, Mo, Cr) tiv taus kev tawm tsam chlorine. Lub plawv T91 tswj tau qhov siab ntawm lub boiler. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tshaj tawm tias lub neej ntawm lub raj tau nce ntxiv los ntawm 1-2 xyoos mus rau 6-8 xyoos tom qab hloov mus rau cov raj clad.

5.4 Cov Khoom Siv Hloov Kub Kub Rau Cov Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

Piv txwv li:Hauv cov nroj tsuag vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), cov pa roj ua haujlwm muaj cov organic chlorinated thiab HCl ntawm 400-450 ° C. Cov hlau tsis xeb txheem (304L) ua tsis tiav los ntawm pitting thiab SCC. Alloy 28 cladding muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua. T91 core muab lub zog xav tau thiab kev tiv thaiv creep.

6. Cov Zoo Dua Li Cov Qauv Sib Tw

Lwm txoj kev xaiv	Vim li cas T91 + Alloy 28 zoo dua
Lub raj T91 khov kho	Yooj yim raug cov kua qaub ncaug, cov av tawg, thiab cov tshuaj chloride tawm tsam. Hloov ntau zaus.
Khoom Alloy 28 raj	Kim heev; lub zog qis dua ua rau phab ntsa tuab dua, ua rau tus nqi thiab qhov hnyav nce ntxiv.
T91 nrog kev sib txuas ntawm Alloy 28	Kev txheej txheej kim heev, qeeb, thiab nyuaj rau siv sib npaug rau ntawm cov raj me me; tej zaum yuav ua rau cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke. Kev rho tawm ua rau cov cladding sib npaug ntawm tus nqi qis dua.
Cov yeeb nkab uas muaj txheej txheem mechanically	Lub liner vau thaum lub sijhawm thermal cycling (feem ntau ntawm cov boilers) - tsis zoo rau kev pabcuam kub siab.
Cov yeeb nkab hlau 625	Cov hlau nplaum 625 kim dua li cov hlau nplaum 28 thiab tej zaum yuav raug teev tseg ntau dhau rau ntau qhov chaw muaj kua qaub. Cov hlau nplaum 28 muab kev sib npaug zoo heev rau kev ua haujlwm.

Kev txuag nqi:Piv rau cov yeeb nkab Alloy 28 uas muaj tib lub zog siab, T91 + Alloy 28 clad yeeb nkab txo cov nqi khoom siv los ntawm50-60%(vim T91 muaj zog dua, ua rau phab ntsa nyias dua, thiab cov hlau tsuas yog siv ua cov liner nyias).

7. Kev Pov Hwm Zoo & Kev Taug Qab Tau

●Kev taug qab tau:Ob qho tib si T91 thiab Alloy 28 cua sov raug kaw thiab ntaus cim rau ntawm txhua lub raj tiav lawm. Tag nrho cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm tus neeg muag khoom (3.1) raug khaws cia.

● Kev tswj cov txheej txheem:Kub ntawm extrusion, qhov ceev ntawm extrusion, cov duab qhia txog kev kho cua sov, cov kev ntsuas dej pickling tag nrho tau sau tseg.

● Kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm lwm tus:Peb pab txhawb SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, lossis ABS ua tim khawv rau txhua theem (txais khoom, rho tawm, NDT kawg). Daim ntawv pov thawj EN 10204 Hom 3.2 tau muab raws li qhov ntawd.

8. Ntim & Xa Khoom

●Qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw:Taub thiab passivated - npaj txhij rau kev teeb tsa. Kev siv roj sab nraud xaiv tau.

●Kev tiv thaiv kawg:Cov hau yas (cov hau hlau muaj rau cov kab uas loj).

●Pob khoom:Cov txoj kab uas hla me me (<88.9 hli) ua cov pob hex nrog cov ntoo spacers. Cov txoj kab uas hla loj dua ib leeg tau cradled.

●Thawv:20′ lossis 40′ thawv. Rau qhov ntev ntau dua 12 m, qhib sab saum toj lossis lub khib tiaj tiaj.

●Lub sijhawm ua thawj coj:Thawj qhov kev txiav txim yuav siv sijhawm 16-20 lub lis piam (vim yog kev xaiv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb). Rov ua qhov kev txiav txim dua 12-14 lub lis piam. Cov khoom sim (100 200 m) yuav sai dua - nug.

9. Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau (FAQ) - T91 + Alloy 28 Clad Pipe

Q1: Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws rau cov yeeb nkab no yog dab tsi?
A: Lub plawv T91 raug ntsuas rau qhov kub ntawm cov hlau txog li650°C(1202 ° F) ib qho ASME Tshooj I (lub zog nkag tswj hwm). Lub Alloy 28 cladding tuaj yeem tiv taus tib qhov kub, tab sis nws qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion yuav raug txo qis dua 450 ° C yog tias qhov chaw ib puag ncig yog corrosive heev. Rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov boiler (600-620 ° C), ob qho tib si yog qhov siv tau.

Q2: Puas yog Alloy 28 haum rau cov concentration siab ntawm sulfuric acid?
A: Yog. Alloy 28 ua pov thawj zoo heev rau kev tiv thaiv sulfuric acid txog li 80% concentration thiab kub txog li 80 ° C. Hauv cov boilers cua sov pov tseg, cov kua qaub condensate feem ntau yog 60-70% H₂SO₄ ntawm qis dua 200 ° C - Alloy 28 ua haujlwm zoo heev.

Q3: Peb puas tuaj yeem thim rov qab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg - muab Alloy 28 rau ntawm OD thiab T91 rau ntawm ID?
A: Yog, yog tias qhov kev hem thawj ntawm xeb yog los ntawm sab nraud (piv txwv li, cov pa roj flue sab nraud). Peb tuaj yeem tsim cov yeeb nkab clad nrog CRA txheej ntawm sab nraud txoj kab uas hla. Thov qhia meej qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txiav txim.

Q4: Koj puas ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tensile lossis creep kub siab?
A: Peb tsis suav nrog lawv tas li, tab sis peb tuaj yeem npaj rau cov qauv me me uas coj los ntawm lub raj extruded (rhuav tshem) ntawm tus nqi ntxiv. Rau cov neeg thib peb pom kev kuaj creep, thov tso sijhawm ntxiv (4-6 lub lis piam) thiab tus nqi.

Q5: Yuav tsum siv cov hlau twg los vuam T91 + Alloy 28 clad yeeb nkab?
A: Rau cov hauv paus hniav hla (cladding rau cladding), siv Alloy 625 (ERNiCrMo-3) lossis Alloy 59 filler. Rau cov filling pass (core T91 rau T91), siv cov T91 filler sib phim (E9015-B9 lossis zoo sib xws). Peb pom zoo kom muaj cov txheej txheem vuam tsim nyog (WPS) rau txhua qhov sib koom ua ke; Womic tuaj yeem muab cov qauv WPS thaum thov.

Q6: Puas yog Alloy 28 cladding ua tau raws li NACE MR0175 rau kev pabcuam qaub?
A: Yog. Alloy 28 (UNS N08028) tau teev nyob rau hauv NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 rau txog li 450 ° C hauv cov chaw qaub. Nws tiv taus SSC thiab HIC. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov siab H₂S ib nrab siab.

Q7: Puas yog cov yeeb nkab clad muaj nrog cov kawg beveled thiab CRA buttering?
A: Yog. Lub kaum sab xis txheem 30-35 ° nrog 1.6 hli tsaws. Peb tuaj yeem thov txheej buttering (Alloy 28 lossis Alloy 625) rau ntawm lub ntsej muag bevel, kwv yees li 2-3 hli tuab, kom tiv thaiv kev dilution ntawm cladding thaum lub sijhawm vuam teb.

Q8: OD thiab phab ntsa tuab npaum li cas rau cov raj biomass boiler?
A: Feem ntau OD 51-76 hli, qhov hnyav ntawm lub hauv paus 5-8 hli, cladding 2-2.5 hli. Thov hu rau peb nrog koj qhov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.

Q9: Puas yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog kev khaws cov pa roj carbon los ntawm T91 mus rau hauv Alloy 28 thaum lub sijhawm extrusion?
A: Tsis yog. Cov txheej txheem extrusion tsim ib cheeb tsam diffusion nqaim heev (feem ntau yog 5-10 μm). Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke 28 tseem nyob hauv qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb; peb txheeb xyuas los ntawm PMI. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua xua yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb.

Q10: Koj puas muab tau daim ntawv pov thawj EN 10204 Hom 3.2 rau cov yeeb nkab no?
A: Yog. Peb tuaj yeem npaj kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm TÜV, BV, DNV, lossis SGS los ntawm lwm tus neeg. Thov qhia thaum lub sijhawm xaj.